ResearchBenchmarksPDE Solving on 1D HelmholtzPDE Solving on 1D HelmholtzFollow0MSEGC-PINN-0.0000210.0001190.0002590.000398Feb 18, 2026Evaluation resultsMethodMethodLinksMSERelative L2 ErrorRelative H1 ErrorGC-PINNMapping=Torus MappingMapping=Torus Mapping2026.0200.00020.0001SA-PINN2026.0200.00150.0005gPINN2026.0200.0020.0007GC-PINNMapping=Radial MappingMapping=Radial Mapping2026.0200.00530.0019GC-PINNMapping=Local StretchingMapping=Local Stretching2026.0200.00530.0018PINN+RAR2026.0200.00610.0021FF-PINN2026.020.00050.03180.0105PINN2026.020.00050.03220.0107