ResearchBenchmarksOptimal Power Flow on PGLearn 118-IEEE (test)Follow2Avg Constraint Violation Sij(+) (x10^-4 p.u.)FNN-34.92214.29463.5712.71Oct 8, 2025Evaluation ResultsMethodMethodLinksAvg Constraint Violation Sij(+) (x10^-4 p.u.)Avg Constraint Violation Sji(-) (x10^-4 p.u.)Avg Constraint Violation Pb (x10^-4 p.u.)Avg Constraint Violation Qb (x10^-4 p.u.)Max Constraint Violation Sij(+) (p.u.)Max Constraint Violation Sji(-) (p.u.)Max Constraint Violation Pb (p.u.)Max Constraint Violation Qb (p.u.)Optimality Gap (%)FNN2025.10220.8641.971.976.371.210.04CNN2025.1055243.13.110.41.580.04HH-MPNN2025.10910.130.922.73.233.267.343.10.32GCN2025.1092592425551426.7226.8730.529.6921.44