ResearchBenchmarksOptimal Power Flow on GridFM-datakit 2000-GOCFollow68.28Average Constraint Violation (Sij(+), x10^-4 p.u.)HH-MPNN66.171280.405694.64108.8744Oct 8, 2025Evaluation ResultsMethodMethodLinksAverage Constraint Violation (Sij(+), x10^-4 p.u.)Average Constraint Violation (Sji(-), x10^-4 p.u.)Average Constraint Violation (Pb, x10^-4 p.u.)Average Constraint Violation (Qb, x10^-4 p.u.)Max Constraint Violation (Sij(+), p.u.)Max Constraint Violation (Sji(-), p.u.)Max Constraint Violation (Pb, p.u.)Max Constraint Violation (Qb, p.u.)Optimality Gap (%)HH-MPNNMode=Zero-shotMode=Zero-shot2025.1068.2868.8139.6519830.230.14100.7341.8639FNNMode=Zero-shotMode=Zero-shot2025.1074752714039.3839.39151.5859.5457CNNMode=Zero-shotMode=Zero-shot2025.101211215725437.737.7114.2427.92