OOD Detection on CIFAR-100 IND vs SVHN OOD
97.84AUROC (%)NPOS
Evaluation results
| Method | Links | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NPOS2023.09 | 97.84 | — | — | 11.14 | |
| DOSBackbone=ResNet-182024.05 | 97.64 | — | — | 9.84 | |
| Hopfield BoostingBackbone=ResNet-182024.05 | 97.07 | — | — | 13.27 | |
| EnergyBackbone=WideResNet-402021.10 | 96.5 | 79.2 | 90.5 | — | |
| Energy + pNMLBackbone=WideResNet-402021.10 | 96.4 | 82.8 | 91.3 | — | |
| MSP-OEBackbone=ResNet-182024.05 | 95.74 | — | — | 19.86 | |
| DOEBackbone=ResNet-182024.05 | 95.72 | — | — | 19.38 | |
| DALBackbone=ResNet-182024.05 | 95.69 | — | — | 19.95 | |
| alpha-regularizedArchitecture=ResNet18, Criterion=Norm2021.10 | 94.46 | — | — | — | |
| DivOEBackbone=ResNet-182024.05 | 94.25 | — | — | 28.77 | |
| POEMBackbone=ResNet-182024.05 | 94.06 | — | — | 33.59 | |
| SPEM-noiseDensity Estimator=Glow2026.02 | 93.43 | — | — | — | |
| LIDDensity Estimator=Glow2026.02 | 93.3 | — | — | — | |
| EBO-OEBackbone=ResNet-182024.05 | 92.93 | — | — | 36.33 | |
| MixOEBackbone=ResNet-182024.05 | 92.27 | — | — | 41.54 | |
| GODIN2023.09 | 88.98 | — | — | 63.95 | |
| DREAM-OOD2023.09 | 87.01 | — | — | 58.75 | |
| alpha-regularizedArchitecture=ResNet18, Criterion=Norm2021.10 | 86.67 | — | — | — | |
| GSDBackbone=ResNet-18, Variant=alpha-regularized, Scoring Criterion=Norm2021.10 | 86.67 | — | — | — | |
| SPEMDensity Estimator=Glow2026.02 | 86.55 | — | — | — | |
| alpha-regularizedArchitecture=ResNet18, Criterion=Similarity2021.10 | 85.68 | — | — | — | |
| Bootstrap DistillUncertainty Measure=Differential Entropy (Dent)2024.02 | 85.6 | — | — | — | |
| alpha-unregularizedArchitecture=ResNet18, Criterion=Norm2021.10 | 84.78 | — | — | — | |
| MoDEXsetting=standard, uncertainty_estimate=epistemic2026.05 | 84.42 | — | — | — | |
| ComplexityDensity Estimator=Glow2026.02 | 83.19 | — | — | — | |
| VanillaArchitecture=ResNet18, Criterion=Similarity2021.10 | 82.26 | — | — | — | |
| END2Uncertainty Measure=Differential Entropy (Dent)2024.02 | 82 | — | — | — | |
| F-EDLArchitecture=ResNet-18, Uncertainty Type=epistemic, Setting=classical2025.10 | 81.59 | — | — | — | |
| F-EDLsetting=standard, uncertainty_estimate=epistemic2026.05 | 81.59 | — | — | — | |
| DAEDLArchitecture=ResNet-18, Uncertainty Type=epistemic, Setting=classical2025.10 | 81.07 | — | — | — | |
| DAEDLsetting=standard, uncertainty_estimate=epistemic2026.05 | 81.07 | — | — | — | |
| PostNetUncertainty Measure=Differential Entropy (Dent)2024.02 | 79.4 | — | — | — | |
| VanillaArchitecture=ResNet18, Criterion=Norm2021.10 | 79.38 | — | — | — | |
| END2Uncertainty Measure=Mutual Information (MI)2024.02 | 78.1 | — | — | — | |
| Bootstrap DistillUncertainty Measure=Mutual Information (MI)2024.02 | 77.9 | — | — | — | |
| Re-EDLsetting=standard, uncertainty_estimate=epistemic2026.05 | 77.89 | — | — | — | |
| I-EDLArchitecture=ResNet-18, Uncertainty Type=epistemic, Setting=classical2025.10 | 77.85 | — | — | — | |
| I-EDLsetting=standard, uncertainty_estimate=epistemic2026.05 | 77.85 | — | — | — | |
| ViM2023.09 | 77.24 | — | — | 81.2 | |
| R-EDLArchitecture=ResNet-18, Uncertainty Type=epistemic, Setting=classical2025.10 | 77.06 | — | — | — | |
| R-EDLsetting=standard, uncertainty_estimate=epistemic2026.05 | 77.06 | — | — | — | |
| PostNetUncertainty Measure=Mutual Information (MI)2024.02 | 75.9 | — | — | — | |
| RPriorNetUncertainty Measure=Mutual Information (MI)2024.02 | 74.8 | — | — | — | |
| RPriorNetUncertainty Measure=Differential Entropy (Dent)2024.02 | 74.3 | — | — | — | |
| KNN2023.09 | 73.65 | — | — | 81.12 | |
| alpha-unregularizedArchitecture=ResNet18, Criterion=Norm2021.10 | 73.11 | — | — | — | |
| GSDBackbone=ResNet-18, Variant=alpha-unregularized, Scoring Criterion=Norm2021.10 | 73.11 | — | — | — | |
| VOS2023.09 | 73.11 | — | — | 78.5 | |
| alpha-unregularizedArchitecture=ResNet18, Criterion=Similarity2021.10 | 72.61 | — | — | — | |
| DICE2023.09 | 72.49 | — | — | 83.55 | |
| BMUncertainty Measure=Mutual Information (MI)2024.02 | 71.5 | — | — | — | |
| Fisher-EDLUncertainty Measure=Differential Entropy (Dent)2024.02 | 71.5 | — | — | — | |
| Fisher-EDLUncertainty Measure=Mutual Information (MI)2024.02 | 71.3 | — | — | — | |
| Energy2023.09 | 70.9 | — | — | 84.9 | |
| ReAct2023.09 | 70.12 | — | — | 82.85 | |
| Mahalanobis2023.09 | 69.98 | — | — | 87.8 | |
| MSP2023.09 | 69.08 | — | — | 87.35 | |
| EDLUncertainty Measure=Mutual Information (MI)2024.02 | 68.7 | — | — | — | |
| BMUncertainty Measure=Differential Entropy (Dent)2024.02 | 68.5 | — | — | — | |
| EDLUncertainty Measure=Differential Entropy (Dent)2024.02 | 68.2 | — | — | — | |
| Typicality (sqrt(d))Density Estimator=Glow2026.02 | 67.64 | — | — | — | |
| GAN2023.09 | 66.95 | — | — | 89.45 | |
| GMMDensity Estimator=Glow2026.02 | 66.58 | — | — | — | |
| NatPNUncertainty Measure=Differential Entropy (Dent)2024.02 | 64.7 | — | — | — | |
| ODIN2023.09 | 64.36 | — | — | 90.95 | |
| EDLArchitecture=ResNet-18, Uncertainty Type=epistemic, Setting=classical2025.10 | 63.95 | — | — | — | |
| EDLsetting=standard, uncertainty_estimate=epistemic2026.05 | 63.95 | — | — | — | |
| alpha-regularizedArchitecture=ResNet18, Criterion=Similarity2021.10 | 63.24 | — | — | — | |
| GSDBackbone=ResNet-18, Variant=alpha-regularized, Scoring Criterion=Similarity2021.10 | 63.24 | — | — | — | |
| VanillaArchitecture=ResNet18, Criterion=Norm2021.10 | 62.66 | — | — | — | |
| VanillaBackbone=ResNet-18, Scoring Criterion=Norm2021.10 | 62.66 | — | — | — | |
| S2DUncertainty Measure=Mutual Information (MI)2024.02 | 62.1 | — | — | — | |
| Likelihood RatioDensity Estimator=Glow2026.02 | 60.2 | — | — | — | |
| NatPNUncertainty Measure=Mutual Information (MI)2024.02 | 56.4 | — | — | — | |
| VanillaArchitecture=ResNet18, Criterion=Similarity2021.10 | 55.54 | — | — | — | |
| VanillaBackbone=ResNet-18, Scoring Criterion=Similarity2021.10 | 55.54 | — | — | — | |
| S2DUncertainty Measure=Differential Entropy (Dent)2024.02 | 50.5 | — | — | — | |
| Typicality (Entropy)Density Estimator=Glow2026.02 | 47.62 | — | — | — | |
| alpha-unregularizedArchitecture=ResNet18, Criterion=Similarity2021.10 | 42.9 | — | — | — | |
| GSDBackbone=ResNet-18, Variant=alpha-unregularized, Scoring Criterion=Similarity2021.10 | 42.9 | — | — | — | |
| LikelihoodDensity Estimator=Glow2026.02 | 9.39 | — | — | — |