Object Detection on DOTA 1.0 (test)
90.39Plane APHSP
Evaluation results
| Method | Links | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HSPBackbone=ResNet-101, Multi-scale=true2021.01 | 90.39 | 86.23 | 56.12 | 80.59 | 77.52 | 73.26 | 83.78 | 90.8 | 87.19 | 85.67 | 69.08 | 72.02 | 76.98 | 72.5 | 67.96 | — | — | 78.01 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Ours (RBox)Backbone=R-50, MS=false, Stage=Single-stage2022.03 | 90.36 | 85.31 | 56.39 | 76.45 | 74.55 | 83.46 | 87.78 | 90.86 | 85.85 | 85.28 | 64.52 | 67.82 | 77.72 | 74.32 | 67.8 | — | — | 77.9 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Oriented R-CNNBackbone=R-101, MS=true, Stage=Two-stage2022.03 | 90.26 | 84.74 | 62.01 | 80.42 | 79.04 | 85.07 | 88.52 | 90.85 | 87.24 | 87.96 | 72.26 | 70.03 | 82.93 | 78.46 | 68.05 | — | — | 80.52 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| CSLYear=2020, Backbone=ResNet152, Anchor=AB2021.09 | 90.25 | 85.53 | 54.64 | 75.31 | 70.44 | 73.51 | 77.62 | 90.84 | 86.15 | 86.69 | 69.6 | 68.04 | 73.83 | 71.1 | 68.93 | 76.17 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| FPN-CSLBackbone=R-152, MS=true, Stage=Two-stage2022.03 | 90.25 | 85.53 | 54.64 | 75.31 | 70.44 | 73.51 | 77.62 | 90.84 | 86.15 | 86.69 | 69.6 | 68.04 | 73.83 | 71.1 | 68.93 | — | — | 76.17 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| CSLBackbone=ResNet-152, Multi-scale=true2021.01 | 90.25 | 85.53 | 54.64 | 75.31 | 70.44 | 73.51 | 77.62 | 90.84 | 86.15 | 86.69 | 69.6 | 68.04 | 73.83 | 71.1 | 68.93 | — | — | 76.17 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| CSLBackbone=R152, multi-scale=false2022.11 | 90.25 | 85.53 | 54.64 | 75.31 | 70.44 | 73.51 | 77.62 | 90.84 | 86.15 | 86.69 | 69.6 | 68.04 | 73.83 | 71.1 | 68.93 | 76.17 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| CSLPre-trained=ImageNet, Number of Parameters=37.4M, FLOPs=236G, Scale=Multi-Scale2025.01 | 90.25 | 85.53 | 54.64 | 75.31 | 70.44 | 73.51 | 77.62 | 90.84 | 86.15 | 86.69 | 69.6 | 68.04 | 73.83 | 71.1 | 68.93 | 76.17 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| FADetBackbone=ResNet1012020.03 | 90.21 | 79.58 | 45.49 | 76.41 | 73.18 | 68.27 | 79.56 | 90.83 | 83.4 | 84.68 | 53.4 | 65.42 | 74.17 | 69.69 | 64.86 | 73.28 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| FADETBackbone=ResNet-101, Multi-scale=true2021.01 | 90.21 | 79.58 | 45.49 | 76.41 | 73.18 | 68.27 | 79.56 | 90.83 | 83.4 | 84.68 | 53.4 | 65.42 | 74.17 | 69.69 | 64.86 | — | — | 73.28 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| RSDetBackbone=ResNet1522020.03 | 90.1 | 82 | 53.8 | 68.5 | 70.2 | 78.7 | 73.6 | 91.2 | 87.1 | 84.7 | 64.3 | 68.2 | 66.1 | 69.3 | 63.7 | 74.1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| FFABackbone=ResNet1012020.03 | 90.1 | 82.7 | 54.2 | 75.2 | 71 | 79.9 | 83.5 | 90.7 | 83.9 | 84.6 | 61.2 | 68 | 70.7 | 76 | 63.7 | 75.7 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| FFABackbone=ResNet-101, Multi-scale=true2021.01 | 90.1 | 82.7 | 54.2 | 75.2 | 71 | 79.9 | 83.5 | 90.7 | 83.9 | 84.6 | 61.2 | 68 | 70.7 | 76 | 63.7 | — | — | 75.7 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| SCRDET++Backbone=ResNet-101, Multi-scale=true2021.01 | 90.05 | 84.39 | 55.44 | 73.99 | 77.54 | 71.11 | 86.05 | 90.67 | 87.32 | 87.08 | 69.62 | 68.9 | 73.74 | 71.29 | 65.08 | — | — | 76.81 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Ours*FPN=true, Backbone=Light-head R-CNN [43]2019.11 | 90.02 | 84.41 | 49.8 | 77.93 | 72.23 | 72.52 | 85.81 | 90.85 | 79.21 | 86.61 | 59.01 | 69.15 | 66.3 | 71.22 | 55.67 | 74.05 | 7.1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| ROPDETBackbone=ResNet-101-DCN, Multi-scale=true2021.01 | 90.01 | 82.82 | 54.47 | 69.65 | 69.23 | 70.78 | 75.78 | 90.84 | 86.13 | 84.76 | 66.52 | 63.71 | 67.13 | 68.38 | 46.09 | — | — | 72.42 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| AOODBackbone=DPN2020.03 | 89.99 | 81.25 | 44.5 | 73.2 | 68.9 | 60.33 | 66.86 | 90.89 | 80.99 | 86.23 | 64.98 | 63.88 | 65.24 | 68.36 | 62.13 | 71.18 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| AOODBackbone=DPN-92, Multi-scale=true2021.01 | 89.99 | 81.25 | 44.5 | 73.2 | 68.9 | 60.33 | 66.86 | 90.89 | 80.99 | 86.23 | 64.98 | 63.88 | 65.24 | 68.36 | 62.13 | — | — | 71.18 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| SCRDetYear=2019, Backbone=ResNet101, Anchor=AB, Speed (fps)=9.512021.09 | 89.98 | 80.65 | 52.09 | 68.36 | 68.36 | 60.32 | 72.41 | 90.85 | 87.94 | 86.86 | 65.02 | 66.68 | 66.25 | 68.24 | 65.21 | 72.61 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| SCRDetBackbone=ResNet1012020.03 | 89.98 | 80.65 | 52.09 | 68.36 | 68.36 | 60.32 | 72.41 | 90.85 | 87.94 | 86.86 | 65.02 | 66.68 | 66.25 | 68.24 | 65.21 | 72.61 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| SCRDetBackbone=R-101, MS=true, Stage=Two-stage2022.03 | 89.98 | 80.65 | 52.09 | 68.36 | 68.36 | 60.32 | 72.41 | 90.85 | 87.94 | 86.86 | 65.02 | 66.68 | 66.25 | 68.24 | 65.21 | — | — | 72.61 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| SCRDETBackbone=ResNet-101, Multi-scale=true2021.01 | 89.98 | 80.65 | 52.09 | 68.36 | 68.36 | 60.32 | 72.41 | 90.85 | 87.94 | 86.86 | 65.02 | 66.68 | 66.25 | 68.24 | 65.21 | — | — | 72.61 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| SCRDetBackbone=ResNet-50, #Params=41.9M, Protocol=single-scale2024.03 | 89.98 | 80.65 | 52.09 | 68.36 | 68.36 | 60.32 | 72.41 | 90.85 | 87.94 | 86.86 | 65.02 | 66.68 | 66.25 | 68.24 | 65.21 | 72.61 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| SCRDetPre-trained=ImageNet, Number of Parameters=41.9M, Scale=Single-Scale2025.01 | 89.98 | 80.65 | 52.09 | 68.36 | 68.36 | 60.32 | 72.41 | 90.85 | 87.94 | 86.86 | 65.02 | 66.68 | 66.25 | 68.24 | 65.21 | 72.61 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| SCRDetBackbone=ResNet-50, #P=41.9M, Stage=Two-stage2025.03 | 89.98 | 80.65 | 52.09 | 68.36 | 68.36 | 60.32 | 72.41 | 90.85 | 87.94 | 86.86 | 65.02 | 66.68 | 66.25 | 68.24 | 65.21 | 72.61 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| OursTraining set=trainset + validation set, Scale=single-scale2019.06 | 89.96 | 83.62 | 53.42 | 76.03 | 74.01 | 77.16 | 79.45 | 90.83 | 87.15 | 84.51 | 67.72 | 60.33 | 74.61 | 71.84 | 65.55 | 75.75 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| APEBackbone=ResNeXt-1012020.03 | 89.96 | 83.62 | 53.42 | 76.03 | 74.01 | 77.16 | 79.45 | 90.83 | 87.15 | 84.51 | 67.72 | 60.33 | 74.61 | 71.84 | 65.55 | 75.75 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| APEBackbone=ResNeXt-101, Multi-scale=true2021.01 | 89.96 | 83.62 | 53.42 | 76.03 | 74.01 | 77.16 | 79.45 | 90.83 | 87.15 | 84.51 | 67.72 | 60.33 | 74.61 | 71.84 | 65.55 | — | — | 75.75 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Ours*FPN=false, Backbone=Light-head R-CNN [43]2019.11 | 89.95 | 86.37 | 45.79 | 73.44 | 71.44 | 68.2 | 75.96 | 90.72 | 79.63 | 85.03 | 58.56 | 70.19 | 68.28 | 71.34 | 54.45 | 72.49 | 8.4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Ours-rFPN=false, Backbone=Faster R-CNN, obliquity factor r=not used2019.11 | 89.93 | 85.78 | 45.9 | 73.66 | 70.07 | 69.1 | 76.78 | 90.62 | 79.08 | 83.94 | 57.75 | 67.57 | 67.53 | 70.85 | 56.46 | 72.33 | 9.8 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| SARDBackbone=ResNet1012020.03 | 89.93 | 84.11 | 54.19 | 72.04 | 68.41 | 61.18 | 66 | 90.82 | 87.79 | 86.59 | 65.65 | 64.04 | 66.68 | 68.84 | 68.03 | 72.95 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| RSDet-IIBackbone=R-152, MS=true, Stage=Two-stage2022.03 | 89.93 | 84.45 | 53.77 | 74.35 | 71.52 | 78.31 | 78.12 | 91.14 | 87.35 | 86.93 | 65.64 | 65.17 | 75.35 | 79.74 | 63.31 | — | — | 76.34 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| SARDBackbone=ResNet-101, Multi-scale=true2021.01 | 89.93 | 84.11 | 54.19 | 72.04 | 68.41 | 61.18 | 66 | 90.82 | 87.79 | 86.59 | 65.65 | 64.04 | 66.68 | 68.84 | 68.03 | — | — | 72.95 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| RSDET-IIBackbone=ResNet-152, Multi-scale=true2021.01 | 89.93 | 84.45 | 53.77 | 74.35 | 71.52 | 78.31 | 78.12 | 91.14 | 87.35 | 86.93 | 65.64 | 65.17 | 75.35 | 79.74 | 63.31 | — | — | 76.34 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| R3Det-KLDBackbone=R-152, MS=true, Stage=Refine-stage2022.03 | 89.92 | 85.13 | 59.19 | 81.33 | 78.82 | 84.38 | 87.5 | 89.8 | 87.33 | 87 | 72.57 | 71.35 | 77.12 | 79.34 | 78.68 | — | — | 80.63 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| KLDBackbone=R152, multi-scale=true2022.11 | 89.92 | 85.13 | 59.19 | 81.33 | 78.82 | 84.38 | 87.5 | 89.8 | 87.33 | 87 | 72.57 | 71.35 | 77.12 | 79.34 | 78.68 | 80.63 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Cascade-FFBackbone=ResNet1522020.03 | 89.9 | 80.4 | 51.7 | 77.4 | 68.2 | 75.2 | 75.6 | 90.8 | 78.8 | 84.4 | 62.3 | 64.6 | 57.7 | 69.4 | 50.1 | 71.8 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| R3Det-KLDBackbone=R-50, MS=true, Stage=Refine-stage2022.03 | 89.9 | 84.91 | 59.21 | 78.74 | 78.82 | 83.95 | 87.41 | 89.89 | 86.63 | 86.69 | 70.47 | 70.87 | 76.96 | 79.4 | 78.62 | — | — | 80.17 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| CASCADE-FFBackbone=ResNet-152, Multi-scale=true2021.01 | 89.9 | 80.4 | 51.7 | 77.4 | 68.2 | 75.2 | 75.6 | 90.8 | 78.8 | 84.4 | 62.3 | 64.6 | 57.7 | 69.4 | 50.1 | — | — | 71.8 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| OursFPN=false, Backbone=Faster R-CNN2019.11 | 89.89 | 85.99 | 46.09 | 78.48 | 70.32 | 69.44 | 76.93 | 90.71 | 79.36 | 83.8 | 57.79 | 68.35 | 72.9 | 71.03 | 59.78 | 73.39 | 9.8 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| LEGNet-SBackbone=LEGNet-S, #P=29.8M, Stage=Two-stage2025.03 | 89.87 | 86.32 | 56.36 | 78.67 | 81.34 | 85.29 | 88.53 | 90.89 | 87.31 | 86.46 | 70.38 | 68.48 | 78.34 | 82 | 70.25 | 80.03 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Oriented R-CNNBackbone=R-50, MS=true, Stage=Two-stage2022.03 | 89.84 | 85.43 | 61.09 | 79.82 | 79.71 | 85.35 | 88.82 | 90.88 | 86.68 | 87.73 | 72.21 | 70.8 | 82.42 | 78.18 | 74.11 | — | — | 80.87 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Oriented R-CNNBackbone=R50, multi-scale=false2022.11 | 89.84 | 85.43 | 61.09 | 79.82 | 79.71 | 85.35 | 88.82 | 90.88 | 86.68 | 87.73 | 72.21 | 70.8 | 82.42 | 78.18 | 74.11 | 80.87 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| CenterMap OBBBackbone=ResNet1012020.03 | 89.83 | 84.41 | 54.6 | 70.25 | 77.66 | 78.32 | 87.19 | 90.66 | 84.89 | 85.27 | 56.46 | 69.23 | 74.13 | 71.56 | 66.06 | 76.03 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| CenterMap OBBBackbone=R-101, MS=true, Stage=Two-stage2022.03 | 89.83 | 84.41 | 54.6 | 70.25 | 77.66 | 78.32 | 87.19 | 90.66 | 84.89 | 85.27 | 56.46 | 69.23 | 74.13 | 71.56 | 66.06 | — | — | 76.03 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| CENTERMAPBackbone=ResNet-101, Multi-scale=true2021.01 | 89.83 | 84.41 | 54.6 | 70.25 | 77.66 | 78.32 | 87.19 | 90.66 | 84.89 | 85.27 | 56.46 | 69.23 | 74.13 | 71.56 | 66.06 | — | — | 76.03 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Ours (RBox)Backbone=R-50, MS=true, Stage=Single-stage2022.03 | 89.81 | 85.19 | 61.35 | 76.18 | 79.29 | 84.81 | 88.26 | 90.86 | 87.55 | 87.42 | 66.89 | 70.1 | 78.4 | 79.28 | 68.48 | — | — | 79.59 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| RSDetYear=2019, Backbone=ResNet101, Anchor=AB2021.09 | 89.8 | 82.9 | 48.6 | 65.2 | 69.5 | 70.1 | 70.2 | 90.5 | 85.6 | 83.4 | 62.5 | 63.9 | 65.6 | 67.2 | 68 | 72.2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| R³DetYear=2019, Backbone=ResNet152, Anchor=AB, Speed (fps)=10.532021.09 | 89.8 | 83.77 | 48.11 | 66.77 | 78.76 | 83.27 | 87.84 | 90.82 | 85.38 | 85.51 | 65.67 | 62.68 | 67.53 | 78.56 | 72.62 | 76.47 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| R3DETBackbone=ResNet-152, Multi-scale=true2021.01 | 89.8 | 83.77 | 48.11 | 66.77 | 78.76 | 83.27 | 87.84 | 90.82 | 85.38 | 85.51 | 65.67 | 62.68 | 67.53 | 78.56 | 72.62 | — | — | 76.47 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| R³DetBackbone=R152, multi-scale=false2022.11 | 89.8 | 83.77 | 48.11 | 66.77 | 78.76 | 83.27 | 87.84 | 90.82 | 85.38 | 85.51 | 65.57 | 62.68 | 67.53 | 78.56 | 72.62 | 76.47 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| R3DetPre-trained=ImageNet, Number of Parameters=41.9M, FLOPs=336G, Scale=Multi-Scale2025.01 | 89.8 | 83.77 | 48.11 | 66.77 | 78.76 | 83.27 | 87.84 | 90.82 | 85.38 | 85.51 | 65.57 | 62.68 | 67.53 | 78.56 | 72.62 | 76.47 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| FR-ESTBackbone=ResNet-101-DCN, Multi-scale=true2021.01 | 89.78 | 85.21 | 55.4 | 77.7 | 80.26 | 83.78 | 87.59 | 90.81 | 87.66 | 86.93 | 65.6 | 68.74 | 71.64 | 79.99 | 66.2 | — | — | 78.49 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| GGHLYear=2021, Backbone=DarkNet53, Anchor=AF, Speed (fps)=42.32021.09 | 89.74 | 85.63 | 44.5 | 77.48 | 76.72 | 80.45 | 86.16 | 90.83 | 88.18 | 86.25 | 67.07 | 69.4 | 73.38 | 68.45 | 70.14 | 76.95 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Oriented R-CNNBackbone=PKINet-S, #Params=30.8M, Protocol=single-scale2024.03 | 89.72 | 84.2 | 55.81 | 77.63 | 80.25 | 84.45 | 88.12 | 90.88 | 87.57 | 86.07 | 66.86 | 70.23 | 77.47 | 73.62 | 62.94 | 78.39 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| PKINet-SPre-trained=ImageNet, Number of Parameters=30.8M, FLOPs=190G, Scale=Single-Scale2025.01 | 89.72 | 84.2 | 55.81 | 77.63 | 80.25 | 84.45 | 88.12 | 90.88 | 87.57 | 86.07 | 66.86 | 70.23 | 77.47 | 73.62 | 62.94 | 78.39 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| O-RCNNBackbone=PKINet-S, #P=30.8M, Stage=Two-stage2025.03 | 89.72 | 84.2 | 55.81 | 77.63 | 80.25 | 84.45 | 88.12 | 90.88 | 87.57 | 86.07 | 66.86 | 70.23 | 77.47 | 73.62 | 62.94 | 78.39 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| DRNYear=2020, Backbone=Hourglass-104, Anchor=AF2021.09 | 89.71 | 82.34 | 47.22 | 64.1 | 76.22 | 74.43 | 85.84 | 90.57 | 86.18 | 84.89 | 57.65 | 61.93 | 69.3 | 69.63 | 58.48 | 73.23 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| DRNBackbone=Hourglass1042020.03 | 89.71 | 82.34 | 47.22 | 64.1 | 76.22 | 74.43 | 85.84 | 90.57 | 86.18 | 84.89 | 57.65 | 61.93 | 69.3 | 69.63 | 58.48 | 73.23 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| DRNBackbone=Hourglass-104, Multi-scale=true2021.01 | 89.71 | 82.34 | 47.22 | 64.1 | 76.22 | 74.43 | 85.84 | 90.57 | 86.18 | 84.89 | 57.65 | 61.93 | 69.3 | 69.63 | 58.48 | — | — | 73.23 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| S2A-NET-DALBackbone=ResNet-50, Multi-scale=true2021.01 | 89.69 | 83.11 | 55.03 | 71 | 78.3 | 81.9 | 88.46 | 90.89 | 84.97 | 87.46 | 64.41 | 65.65 | 76.86 | 72.09 | 64.35 | — | — | 76.95 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| OursTraining set=trainset only, Scale=single-scale2019.06 | 89.67 | 76.77 | 51.28 | 71.65 | 73.11 | 77.18 | 79.54 | 90.79 | 79.01 | 84.54 | 66.51 | 64.71 | 73.97 | 67.73 | 58.4 | 73.66 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| SARBackbone=ResNet-152, Multi-scale=true2021.01 | 89.67 | 79.78 | 54.17 | 68.29 | 71.7 | 77.9 | 84.63 | 90.91 | 88.22 | 87.07 | 60.49 | 66.95 | 75.13 | 75.28 | 64.29 | — | — | 75.28 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| S2ANetBackbone=PKINet-S, #Params=24.8M, Protocol=single-scale2024.03 | 89.67 | 84.16 | 51.94 | 71.89 | 80.81 | 83.47 | 88.29 | 90.8 | 87.01 | 86.94 | 65.02 | 69.53 | 75.83 | 80.2 | 61.85 | 77.83 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| S2ANetBackbone=PKINet-S, #P=24.8M, Stage=One-stage2025.03 | 89.67 | 84.16 | 51.94 | 71.89 | 80.81 | 83.47 | 88.29 | 90.8 | 87.01 | 86.94 | 65.02 | 69.53 | 75.83 | 80.2 | 61.85 | 77.83 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| R2CNN++FPN=true2019.11 | 89.66 | 81.22 | 45.5 | 75.1 | 68.27 | 60.17 | 66.83 | 90.9 | 80.69 | 86.15 | 64.05 | 63.48 | 65.34 | 68.01 | 62.05 | 71.16 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| LO-Det-GGHLYear=2021, Backbone=MobileNetv2, Anchor=AF, Speed (fps)=62.072021.09 | 89.66 | 83.02 | 38.55 | 77.09 | 72.57 | 71.86 | 82.47 | 90.78 | 78.05 | 83.56 | 47.74 | 67.83 | 64.21 | 67.83 | 54.16 | 71.26 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| R3Det-GWDBackbone=R-152, MS=true, Stage=Refine-stage2022.03 | 89.66 | 84.99 | 59.26 | 82.19 | 78.97 | 84.83 | 87.7 | 90.21 | 86.54 | 86.85 | 73.04 | 67.56 | 76.92 | 79.22 | 74.92 | — | — | 80.19 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| GWDBackbone=ResNet-152, Multi-scale=true2021.01 | 89.66 | 84.99 | 59.26 | 82.19 | 78.97 | 84.83 | 87.7 | 90.21 | 86.54 | 86.85 | 73.47 | 67.77 | 76.92 | 79.22 | 74.92 | — | — | 80.23 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| GWDBackbone=R152, multi-scale=true2022.11 | 89.66 | 84.99 | 59.26 | 82.19 | 78.97 | 84.83 | 87.7 | 90.21 | 86.54 | 86.85 | 73.47 | 67.77 | 76.92 | 79.22 | 74.92 | 80.23 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Oriented R-CNNBackbone=LSKNet-S, #Params=31.0M, Protocol=single-scale2024.03 | 89.66 | 85.52 | 57.72 | 75.7 | 74.95 | 78.69 | 88.24 | 90.88 | 86.79 | 86.38 | 66.92 | 63.77 | 77.77 | 74.47 | 64.82 | 77.49 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| LSKNet-SPre-trained=ImageNet, Number of Parameters=31.0M, FLOPs=161G, Scale=Single-Scale2025.01 | 89.66 | 85.52 | 57.72 | 75.7 | 74.95 | 78.69 | 88.24 | 90.88 | 86.79 | 86.38 | 66.92 | 63.77 | 77.77 | 74.47 | 64.82 | 77.49 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| R3Det-GWDPre-trained=ImageNet, Number of Parameters=41.9M, FLOPs=336G, Scale=Multi-Scale2025.01 | 89.66 | 84.99 | 59.26 | 82.19 | 78.97 | 84.83 | 87.7 | 90.21 | 86.54 | 86.85 | 73.47 | 67.77 | 76.92 | 79.22 | 74.92 | 80.23 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| O-RCNNBackbone=LSKNet-S, #P=31.0M, Stage=Two-stage2025.03 | 89.66 | 85.52 | 57.72 | 75.7 | 74.95 | 78.69 | 88.24 | 90.88 | 86.79 | 86.38 | 66.92 | 63.77 | 77.77 | 74.47 | 64.82 | 77.49 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| PolarDetBackbone=R-101, MS=true, Stage=Single-stage2022.03 | 89.65 | 87.07 | 48.14 | 70.97 | 78.53 | 80.34 | 87.45 | 90.76 | 85.63 | 86.87 | 61.64 | 70.32 | 71.92 | 73.09 | 67.15 | — | — | 76.64 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| POLARDETBackbone=ResNet-101, Multi-scale=true2021.01 | 89.65 | 87.07 | 48.14 | 70.97 | 78.53 | 80.34 | 87.45 | 90.76 | 85.63 | 86.87 | 61.64 | 70.32 | 71.92 | 73.09 | 67.15 | — | — | 76.64 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| OursFPN=true2019.11 | 89.64 | 85 | 52.26 | 77.34 | 73.01 | 73.14 | 86.82 | 90.74 | 79.02 | 86.81 | 59.55 | 70.91 | 72.94 | 70.86 | 57.32 | 75.02 | 10 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Gliding VertexYear=2019, Backbone=ResNet101, Anchor=AB, Speed (fps)=13.12021.09 | 89.64 | 85 | 52.26 | 77.34 | 73.01 | 73.14 | 86.82 | 90.74 | 79.02 | 86.81 | 59.55 | 70.91 | 72.94 | 70.86 | 57.32 | 75.02 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Gliding VertexBackbone=ResNet1012020.03 | 89.64 | 85 | 52.26 | 77.34 | 73.01 | 73.14 | 86.82 | 90.74 | 79.02 | 86.81 | 59.55 | 70.91 | 72.94 | 70.86 | 57.32 | 75.02 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Gliding VertexBackbone=R-101, MS=false, Stage=Two-stage2022.03 | 89.64 | 85 | 52.26 | 77.34 | 73.01 | 73.14 | 86.82 | 90.74 | 79.02 | 86.81 | 59.55 | 70.91 | 72.94 | 70.86 | 57.32 | — | — | 75.02 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| GLIDING VERTEXBackbone=ResNet-101, Multi-scale=true2021.01 | 89.64 | 85 | 52.26 | 77.34 | 73.01 | 73.14 | 86.82 | 90.74 | 79.02 | 86.81 | 59.55 | 70.91 | 72.94 | 70.86 | 57.32 | — | — | 75.02 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| G.V.Backbone=ResNet-50, #Params=41.1M, Protocol=single-scale2024.03 | 89.64 | 85 | 52.26 | 77.34 | 73.01 | 73.14 | 86.82 | 90.74 | 79.02 | 86.81 | 59.55 | 70.91 | 72.94 | 70.86 | 57.32 | 75.02 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| G.V.Pre-trained=ImageNet, Number of Parameters=41.1M, FLOPs=198G, Scale=Single-Scale2025.01 | 89.64 | 85 | 52.26 | 77.34 | 73.01 | 73.14 | 86.82 | 90.74 | 79.02 | 86.81 | 59.55 | 70.91 | 72.94 | 70.86 | 57.32 | 75.02 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| G.V.Pre-trained=ImageNet, Number of Parameters=41.1M, FLOPs=198G, Scale=Multi-Scale2025.01 | 89.64 | 85 | 52.26 | 77.34 | 73.01 | 73.14 | 86.82 | 90.74 | 79.02 | 86.81 | 59.55 | 70.91 | 72.94 | 70.86 | 57.32 | 75.02 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| G.V.Backbone=ResNet-50, #P=41.1M, Stage=Two-stage2025.03 | 89.64 | 85 | 52.26 | 77.34 | 73.01 | 73.14 | 86.82 | 90.74 | 79.02 | 86.81 | 59.55 | 70.91 | 72.94 | 70.86 | 57.32 | 75.02 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| R3DetBackbone=PKINet-S, #Params=28.1M, Protocol=single-scale2024.03 | 89.63 | 82.4 | 49.77 | 71.72 | 79.95 | 81.39 | 87.79 | 90.9 | 84.2 | 86.09 | 61.08 | 66.55 | 73.06 | 73.85 | 59.95 | 75.89 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| MFIAR-NetBackbone=ResNet1522020.03 | 89.62 | 84.03 | 52.41 | 70.3 | 70.13 | 67.64 | 77.81 | 90.85 | 85.4 | 86.22 | 63.21 | 64.14 | 68.31 | 70.21 | 62.11 | 73.49 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| MFIAR-NETBackbone=ResNet-152, Multi-scale=true2021.01 | 89.62 | 84.03 | 52.41 | 70.3 | 70.13 | 67.64 | 77.81 | 90.85 | 85.4 | 86.22 | 63.21 | 64.14 | 68.31 | 70.21 | 62.11 | — | — | 73.49 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| A2S-DETBackbone=ResNet-101, Multi-scale=true2021.01 | 89.59 | 77.89 | 46.37 | 56.47 | 75.86 | 74.83 | 86.07 | 90.58 | 81.09 | 83.71 | 50.21 | 60.94 | 65.29 | 69.77 | 50.93 | — | — | 70.64 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| LSKNet-SPre-trained=ImageNet, Number of Parameters=31.0M, FLOPs=161G, Scale=Multi-Scale2025.01 | 89.57 | 86.34 | 63.13 | 83.67 | 82.2 | 86.1 | 88.66 | 90.89 | 88.41 | 87.42 | 71.72 | 69.58 | 78.88 | 81.77 | 76.52 | 81.64 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Mask OBBBackbone=ResNeXt-1012020.03 | 89.56 | 85.95 | 54.21 | 72.9 | 76.52 | 74.16 | 85.63 | 89.85 | 83.81 | 86.48 | 54.89 | 69.64 | 73.94 | 69.06 | 63.32 | 75.33 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| MASK OBBBackbone=ResNeXt-101, Multi-scale=true2021.01 | 89.56 | 85.95 | 54.21 | 72.9 | 76.52 | 74.16 | 85.63 | 89.85 | 83.81 | 86.48 | 54.89 | 69.64 | 73.94 | 69.06 | 63.32 | — | — | 75.33 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| FCOSR-lBackbone=X101, multi-scale=false2022.11 | 89.5 | 84.42 | 52.58 | 71.81 | 80.49 | 77.72 | 88.23 | 90.84 | 84.23 | 86.48 | 61.21 | 67.77 | 76.34 | 74.39 | 74.86 | 77.39 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| R3DetPre-trained=ImageNet, Number of Parameters=41.9M, FLOPs=336G, Scale=Single-Scale2025.01 | 89.5 | 81.2 | 50.5 | 66.1 | 70.9 | 78.7 | 78.2 | 90.8 | 85.3 | 84.2 | 61.8 | 63.8 | 68.2 | 69.8 | 67.2 | 73.7 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| R3DetBackbone=ResNet1522020.03 | 89.49 | 81.17 | 50.53 | 66.1 | 70.92 | 78.66 | 78.21 | 90.81 | 85.26 | 84.23 | 61.81 | 63.77 | 68.16 | 69.83 | 67.17 | 73.74 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| MRDETBackbone=ResNet-101, Multi-scale=true2021.01 | 89.49 | 84.29 | 55.4 | 66.68 | 76.27 | 82.13 | 87.86 | 90.81 | 86.92 | 85 | 52.34 | 65.98 | 76.22 | 76.78 | 67.49 | — | — | 76.24 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| PP-YOLOE-R-xBackbone=CRN-x, multi-scale=false2022.11 | 89.49 | 79.7 | 55.04 | 75.59 | 82.4 | 85.2 | 88.35 | 90.76 | 85.69 | 87.7 | 63.17 | 69.52 | 77.09 | 75.08 | 69.38 | 78.28 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| R3DetBackbone=ARC-R50, #Params=65.2M, Protocol=single-scale2024.03 | 89.49 | 78.04 | 46.36 | 68.89 | 77.45 | 72.87 | 82.76 | 90.9 | 83.07 | 84.89 | 58.72 | 68.61 | 64.75 | 68.39 | 49.67 | 72.32 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Rotated Faster R-CNNBackbone=ARC-R50, #Params=74.4M, Protocol=single-scale2024.03 | 89.49 | 82.11 | 51.02 | 70.38 | 79.07 | 75.06 | 86.18 | 90.91 | 84.23 | 86.41 | 56.1 | 69.42 | 65.87 | 71.9 | 63.47 | 74.77 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Oriented R-CNNBackbone=R-50, MS=false, Stage=Two-stage2022.03 | 89.46 | 82.12 | 54.78 | 70.86 | 78.93 | 83 | 88.2 | 90.9 | 87.5 | 84.68 | 63.97 | 67.69 | 74.94 | 68.84 | 52.28 | — | — | 75.87 | — | — | — | — | — | — |