ResearchBenchmarksNumerical Optimization on CEC F4 2022Follow931.88AverageNDSOT830.9376857.1438883.35909.5562Jan 16, 2026Evaluation ResultsMethodMethodLinksAverageStandard DeviationNDSOTDim=20Dim=202026.01931.8824.614SASSDim=20Dim=202026.01923.1423.613DEDim=20Dim=202026.01918.78.9196ADEDim=20Dim=202026.01917.567.3839QHDEDim=20Dim=202026.01893.7311.874COLSHADEDim=20Dim=202026.01874.718.8732HSEPSODim=20Dim=202026.01858.516.713sCMAESDim=20Dim=202026.01834.825.4823