Novel View Synthesis on Mip-NeRF360 (test)
29.11PSNRMulFAGrid
Evaluation results
| Method | Links | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MulFAGridTraining Time=42.1m, Number of Parameters=16.5M, Point Cloud Initialization=true2024.03 | 29.11 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| 3DGS2025.05 | 29.037 | 0.872 | 0.183 | — | — | — | — | 1,550.925 | — | — | 179 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| MulFAGridTraining Time=20.4m, Number of Parameters=5.43M, Point Cloud Initialization=false2024.03 | 28.98 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| SteepGS2025.05 | 28.734 | 0.857 | 0.211 | — | — | — | — | 1,051.276 | — | — | 252 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| LP-3DGS2025.05 | 28.64 | 0.865 | 0.198 | — | — | — | — | 1,177.648 | — | — | 350 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Compact-3DGS2025.05 | 28.504 | 0.856 | 0.208 | — | — | — | — | 4,063.203 | — | — | 98 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Spherical VoronoiParams=482026.06 | 28.46 | 0.832 | 0.226 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| NASGabor – 2 lobesParams=212026.06 | 28.46 | 0.83 | 0.227 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| NASGabor – 4 lobesParams=392026.06 | 28.46 | 0.83 | 0.227 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| NASGabor – 1 lobeParams=122026.06 | 28.4 | 0.829 | 0.228 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Spherical VoronoiParams=122026.06 | 28.19 | 0.83 | 0.23 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Neural Harmonic TexturesHardware (GPU)=RTX A6000 Ada, Features per primitive=80, Architecture (MLP/CNN)=128x3 MLP, Training iterations=7K2026.04 | 28.16 | 0.824 | 0.228 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 28.11 | — | — | — | — | 46.9 | 99.3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Beta Splatting + SBParams=152026.06 | 28.09 | 0.83 | 0.227 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Beta Splatting + SHParams=482026.06 | 28 | 0.83 | 0.226 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| 3DGS-MCMC + SHParams=482026.06 | 27.99 | 0.83 | 0.229 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| DashGaussianNGs=2.04M, Optimization Time (min)=3.232025.03 | 27.92 | 0.826 | 0.208 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| FreGSGaussian density=Similar number of Gaussians as 3D-GS2024.03 | 27.85 | 0.826 | 0.209 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| SOGSAnchor Size=16 dim2025.03 | 27.85 | 0.815 | 0.221 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| 3DGUT-MCMC + SHParams=482026.06 | 27.82 | 0.826 | 0.233 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| 3DGSNGs=3.12M, Optimization Time (min)=18.312025.03 | 27.72 | 0.826 | 0.201 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Mip-NeRF3602024.03 | 27.69 | 0.792 | 0.237 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Mip-NeRF360Train duration=48h, FPS=0.06, Memory=8.6MB2024.02 | 27.69 | 0.792 | 0.237 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Taming-3DGSNGs=2.28M, Optimization Time (min)=5.512025.03 | 27.61 | 0.821 | 0.21 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Scaffold-GSAnchor Size=32 dim2025.03 | 27.5 | 0.806 | 0.252 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Vol3DGS# Points=3.00 x 10^62025.12 | 27.44 | 0.82 | 0.201 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| 3DGS# Points=3.36 x 10^62025.12 | 27.43 | 0.813 | 0.218 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Don't Splat2025.12 | 27.32 | 0.793 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| StopThePop# Points=3.29 x 10^62025.12 | 27.31 | 0.814 | 0.213 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Reduced-3DGSNGs=1.44M, Optimization Time (min)=15.522025.03 | 27.28 | 0.813 | 0.222 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Mini-SplattingNGs=0.49M, Optimization Time (min)=14.722025.03 | 27.22 | 0.821 | 0.217 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| 2DGS + SHParams=482026.06 | 27.22 | 0.804 | 0.275 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| 3D Gaussian Splattingstatus=uncompressed2023.11 | 27.21 | 0.815 | 0.214 | 795.26 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| 3D-GS2024.03 | 27.21 | 0.815 | 0.214 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| 3D Gaussians-30KTrain duration=42m, FPS=134, Memory=734MB2024.02 | 27.21 | 0.815 | 0.214 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| 3DGSTraining Time=41.2m, Number of Parameters=15.9M, Point Cloud Initialization=true2024.03 | 27.21 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Compressed 3D Gaussian Splattingstatus=compressed2023.11 | 26.981 | 0.801 | 0.238 | 28.8 | 26.23 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| 3D-GS (L)Num=1191 K, Size=281.6 M2024.12 | 26.94 | 0.7799 | 0.2688 | — | — | 32.75 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| GESTrain duration=32m, FPS=186, Memory=377MB2024.02 | 26.91 | 0.794 | 0.25 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| DRKNum=952 K, Size=279.1 M2024.12 | 26.76 | 0.7871 | 0.2364 | — | — | 32.81 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| 3D-HGSNum=842 K, Size=202.4 M2024.12 | 26.74 | 0.7561 | 0.2999 | — | — | 32.51 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| GESNum=824 K, Size=195.0 M2024.12 | 26.62 | 0.7542 | 0.3047 | — | — | 32.11 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| 3D-GSNum=811 K, Size=191.3 M2024.12 | 26.48 | 0.7537 | 0.3045 | — | — | 32.23 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| DRK (S1)Num=551 K, Size=161.9 M, config=sparser version2024.12 | 26.4 | 0.7722 | 0.2601 | — | — | 32.56 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| 2D-GSNum=928 K, Size=216.0 M2024.12 | 26.32 | 0.7617 | 0.2987 | — | — | 32.01 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Feature 3DGSHardware (GPU)=RTX A6000 Ada, Features per primitive=176, Architecture (MLP/CNN)=512x128 CNN, Number of primitives=1.5x of Ours, Memory footprint=3x higher2026.04 | 26.27 | 0.785 | 0.262 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3.02 | — | — | — | — | 43.68 | 98.5 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| DRK (S2)Num=388 K, Size=125.9 M, config=sparser version2024.12 | 26.2 | 0.7601 | 0.2781 | — | — | 32.31 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| NeuRBFTraining Time=21.4m, Number of Parameters=15.2M, Point Cloud Initialization=false2024.03 | 26.12 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| MB3DGS# Points=2.12 x 10^62025.12 | 25.96 | 0.76 | 0.245 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| L2S^DZero-shot evaluation protocol=true, Iter (Iteration to reach target PSNR)=382, Time (s) (Time to reach target PSNR)=17.62026.05 | 25.69 | 0.72 | 0.37 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| 3D Gaussians-7KTrain duration=6.5m, FPS=160, Memory=523MB2024.02 | 25.6 | 0.77 | 0.279 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| EVER# Points=3.89 x 10^62025.12 | 25.6 | 0.772 | 0.299 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| INGP-BigConfiguration=Slightly larger network2024.03 | 25.59 | 0.699 | 0.331 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| INGPTrain duration=7.5m, FPS=9.43, Memory=48MB2024.02 | 25.59 | 0.699 | 0.331 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| DVGOv2Training Time=20.3m, Number of Parameters=5.64M, Point Cloud Initialization=false2024.03 | 25.42 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| INGP-BaseConfiguration=Basic configuration2024.03 | 25.3 | 0.671 | 0.371 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| NFFBTraining Time=25.4m, Number of Parameters=19.4M, Point Cloud Initialization=false2024.03 | 25.21 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| MVPViews=128, Zero-shot=true2025.12 | 25.12 | 0.736 | 0.248 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| 3DGSZero-shot evaluation protocol=true, Iter (Iteration to reach target PSNR)=2000, Time (s) (Time to reach target PSNR)=53.62026.05 | 25 | 0.7 | 0.39 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| DVSMInput views=64, Parameters=164M, Zero-shot=true2026.05 | 24.76 | 0.66 | 0.337 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| 3DGS*Zero-shot evaluation protocol=true2026.05 | 24.27 | 0.66 | 0.44 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| MVPViews=64, Zero-shot=true2025.12 | 23.72 | 0.656 | 0.302 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| InstantNGPTraining Time=20.1m, Number of Parameters=12.4M, Point Cloud Initialization=false2024.03 | 23.14 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Plenoxels2024.03 | 23.08 | 0.626 | 0.463 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| PlenoxelsTrain duration=26m, FPS=6.79, Memory=2.1GB2024.02 | 23.08 | 0.626 | 0.463 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| LaCTInput views=64, Parameters=379M, Zero-shot=true2026.05 | 23.01 | 0.557 | 0.435 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| MVPViews=32, Zero-shot=true2025.12 | 22.21 | 0.587 | 0.355 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| DVSMInput views=16, Parameters=164M, Zero-shot=true2026.05 | 21.76 | 0.564 | 0.413 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| iLRMViews=64, Zero-shot=true2025.12 | 21.6 | 0.522 | 0.444 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| iLRMViews=128, Zero-shot=true2025.12 | 21.32 | 0.551 | 0.424 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Long-LRMViews=64, Zero-shot=true2025.12 | 21.3 | 0.499 | 0.431 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| iLRMViews=32, Zero-shot=true2025.12 | 21.09 | 0.495 | 0.466 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Long-LRMViews=32, Zero-shot=true2025.12 | 21.08 | 0.484 | 0.445 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| PlenoxelsTraining Time=21.9m, Number of Parameters=511M, Point Cloud Initialization=false2024.03 | 20.59 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| L2S^SZero-shot evaluation protocol=true2026.05 | 20.42 | 0.53 | 0.57 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| LaCTInput views=16, Parameters=379M, Zero-shot=true2026.05 | 20.1 | 0.494 | 0.498 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| LVSMInput views=64, Parameters=173M, Zero-shot=true2026.05 | 20.09 | 0.46 | 0.56 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Long-LRMViews=128, Zero-shot=true2025.12 | 19.82 | 0.484 | 0.457 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| LVSMInput views=16, Parameters=173M, Zero-shot=true2026.05 | 19.69 | 0.454 | 0.557 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| EVPGS(RaDe-GS)*variant=full w/o mesh2025.03 | 19.446 | 0.5757 | 0.2091 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| RaDe-GSbaseline=true2025.03 | 19.066 | 0.5679 | 0.2253 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| HADType=Optimization2026.05 | 18.689 | 0.5094 | 0.334 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| GenFusionType=Optimization2026.05 | 18.36 | 0.496 | 0.465 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| HAD+Type=Post-rendering2026.05 | 18.137 | 0.456 | 0.309 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Difix3DType=Optimization2026.05 | 18.001 | 0.475 | 0.35 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| FSGSType=Optimization2026.05 | 17.94 | 0.492 | 0.468 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Difix3D+Type=Post-rendering2026.05 | 17.571 | 0.433 | 0.326 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Uni3RZero-shot=true, Number of views=22025.08 | 17.331 | 0.393 | 0.283 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| AnySplatZero-shot=true, Number of views=22025.08 | 17.329 | 0.401 | 0.295 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Gsplat-mcmcType=Optimization2026.05 | 17.102 | 0.454 | 0.385 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Gsplat-3DGSType=Optimization2026.05 | 15.748 | 0.424 | 0.431 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| 2DGS2025.06 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 32 | 98 | — | — | 2.6 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| 2DTS2025.06 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 50 | 48 | — | — | 2.63 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| 3DGS2025.06 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 87 | 60 | — | — | 9.32 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| 3DGS2026.05 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 25.106 | 32.291 | 29.112 | 21.382 | 27.329 | 31.559 | 31.62 | 26.616 | 22.531 | |
| GOFHardware=MacBook M42025.12 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 74 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Linear UpsamplingUpsampling Ratio=4x2026.05 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 25.27 | 32.275 | 29.228 | 21.455 | 27.416 | 31.719 | 31.452 | 26.819 | 22.493 | |
| Linear UpsamplingUpsampling Ratio=8x2026.05 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 25.261 | 32.66 | 29.28 | 21.507 | 27.399 | 31.525 | 31.599 | 26.838 | 22.468 | |
| Linear UpsamplingUpsampling Ratio=16x2026.05 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 25.225 | 32.262 | 29.285 | 21.426 | 27.398 | 31.777 | 31.634 | 26.841 | 22.441 | |
| M-NeRF3602025.06 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.08 | 2,735 | — | — | 0.38 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| MeshSplattingHardware=MacBook M42025.12 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 48 | 220 | 190 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |