Multilingual Mathematical Reasoning on PolyMath (test)
20.3Accuracy (Ar)Qwen2.5-32B-Instruct
Evaluation results
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| Qwen2.5-32B-InstructEvaluation Type=Accuracy (Acc)2026.05 | 20.3 | — | — | 17 | 6.2 | 11.9 | 17.7 | 21.8 | 19.1 | 18.6 | 19.6 | 20.5 | 18.3 | 11.8 | 19 | 19.2 | 20.9 | 19 | 21 | 18.5 | 18.5 | 18.4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| LANGBackbone=Qwen2.5-32B-Instruct2026.05 | 19.9 | — | — | 20.3 | 19.3 | 13.2 | 21.4 | 22.2 | 23.4 | 22.3 | 22.9 | 21.4 | 20.6 | 14.9 | 22 | 22.7 | 23.8 | 22.8 | 21.2 | 20.9 | 21.2 | 20.9 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Qwen2.5-32B-InstructEvaluation Type=Logical Consistency (LC)2026.05 | 19.8 | — | — | 16.3 | 16.2 | 9.4 | 17.7 | 20.4 | 19 | 18.3 | 19 | 20.5 | 17.6 | 10.8 | 19 | 18.7 | 20.9 | 19 | 18.1 | 18.1 | 17.8 | 17.7 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| LC-GRPOBackbone=Qwen2.5-32B-Instruct2026.05 | 19.4 | — | — | 19.8 | 20.9 | 9.9 | 21.5 | 21.8 | 22 | 19.4 | 21.4 | 21.5 | 19.8 | 13.4 | 21.3 | 23.5 | 21 | 21.6 | 21.7 | 20.6 | 20.4 | 20 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct + mGRPOBackbone=Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct, Technique=mGRPO2026.05 | 16.6 | — | — | 15.5 | 13.1 | 9.8 | 14.7 | 16.5 | 16.4 | 16.1 | 16.8 | 16 | 15.2 | 9.9 | 14.2 | 16.1 | 17 | 16 | 16.4 | 16.9 | 15 | 15.1 | 13.7 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct + LANGBackbone=Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct, Technique=LANG2026.05 | 15.7 | — | — | 11.4 | 15.2 | 4.1 | 15.4 | 17.9 | 17.9 | 18 | 19.6 | 17.9 | 15.3 | 7.5 | 16.1 | 17.2 | 20.4 | 17.4 | 17.4 | 19 | 16.6 | 15.9 | 18 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Vanilla GRPOBackbone=Qwen2.5-32B-Instruct2026.05 | 15.4 | — | — | 3.5 | 10.9 | 3 | 22.3 | 22.3 | 20.2 | 22 | 24.3 | 20.9 | 16.5 | 8.3 | 17.5 | 19.4 | 22.8 | 21.8 | 23 | 21.9 | 19.2 | 17.6 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct + LC-GRPOBackbone=Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct, Technique=LC-GRPO2026.05 | 14.3 | — | — | 9 | 11.2 | 7.7 | 13.7 | 15.9 | 17.2 | 17 | 18.5 | 17.6 | 14.2 | 6.5 | 13.4 | 16.5 | 16.6 | 14.5 | 17.2 | 18.8 | 14.8 | 14.5 | 15 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct + Vanilla GRPOBackbone=Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct, Technique=Vanilla GRPO2026.05 | 14 | — | — | 15.7 | 14.7 | 6.5 | 13.6 | 18.4 | 16.6 | 15.9 | 15.7 | 17.4 | 14.8 | 4.3 | 14.5 | 15.9 | 15.7 | 14.2 | 17.1 | 16.2 | 14.1 | 14.5 | 14.9 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct + M-ThinkerBackbone=Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct, Technique=M-Thinker2026.05 | 13.6 | — | — | 8.8 | 10.7 | 5.9 | 12 | 13.9 | 13.6 | 15.3 | 14.7 | 15.1 | 12.3 | 7.8 | 11.6 | 12.3 | 14.9 | 13.7 | 14.5 | 15.7 | 13 | 12.6 | 13.1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct + QRTBackbone=Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct, Technique=QRT2026.05 | 12.8 | — | — | 11.5 | 12.2 | 4.9 | 14.5 | 15.6 | 14.9 | 16.1 | 15.1 | 17.5 | 13.5 | 7.7 | 12.3 | 14 | 13.6 | 13.7 | 15.1 | 16.5 | 13 | 13.3 | 11.4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Qwen2.5-7B-InstructParameters=7B2026.05 | 12.5 | — | — | 12 | 13.3 | 5 | 13.8 | 17.4 | 16.2 | 15.4 | 15.7 | 17.3 | 13.9 | 6.2 | 12.5 | 14.5 | 13.4 | 13.9 | 14.8 | 15.7 | 13.1 | 13.5 | 13.8 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct + DITBackbone=Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct, Technique=DIT2026.05 | 12.5 | — | — | 10.8 | 11.8 | 3.7 | 13.2 | 16.1 | 13.6 | 16.7 | 15.8 | 16.6 | 13.1 | 6.6 | 11.6 | 11.9 | 16.8 | 13.5 | 14.9 | 14.4 | 12.6 | 12.9 | 10.9 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Qwen2.5-3B-Instruct + QRTBackbone=Qwen2.5-3B-Instruct, Technique=QRT2026.05 | 10.8 | — | — | 3.2 | 6.4 | 1.6 | 9.2 | 7.7 | 9.6 | 11 | 10.8 | 12.7 | 8.3 | 1.6 | 7.5 | 11.4 | 10.7 | 10.5 | 9.7 | 9.7 | 8.7 | 8.5 | 8.7 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Qwen2.5-3B-Instruct + LC-GRPOBackbone=Qwen2.5-3B-Instruct, Technique=LC-GRPO2026.05 | 9.9 | — | — | 6.6 | 10.6 | 3 | 9.7 | 11.8 | 9.9 | 11.7 | 10.2 | 12.4 | 9.6 | 3 | 8.5 | 10.5 | 10.9 | 12 | 11.5 | 11 | 9.6 | 9.6 | 9.3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Qwen2.5-3B-Instruct + Vanilla GRPOBackbone=Qwen2.5-3B-Instruct, Technique=Vanilla GRPO2026.05 | 9.1 | — | — | 10.1 | 8.1 | 2.8 | 8.5 | 12.1 | 10.5 | 11.2 | 10.6 | 12.7 | 9.6 | 4.6 | 10.3 | 9.7 | 8.1 | 12.2 | 10.6 | 11.6 | 9.7 | 9.6 | 10.2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct + LCPBackbone=Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct, Technique=LCP2026.05 | 9.1 | — | — | 5.1 | 8.3 | 1.3 | 8.4 | 8.3 | 8.9 | 9.3 | 10.9 | 14.2 | 8.4 | 1 | 9.4 | 9.2 | 10.1 | 8 | 10.7 | 10.7 | 8.6 | 8.5 | 10 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Qwen2.5-3B-Instruct + mGRPOBackbone=Qwen2.5-3B-Instruct, Technique=mGRPO2026.05 | 8.9 | — | — | 5.9 | 8.7 | 1.5 | 8.3 | 10.4 | 10 | 11.9 | 9.1 | 12.7 | 8.7 | 3.1 | 8 | 8.6 | 10.3 | 8 | 8.7 | 10.2 | 8.1 | 8.5 | 8.2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Qwen2.5-3B-Instruct + LANGBackbone=Qwen2.5-3B-Instruct, Technique=LANG2026.05 | 8.9 | — | — | 7.4 | 10.8 | 2.7 | 9.9 | 15.6 | 10.9 | 11.2 | 11.6 | 13.3 | 10.2 | 4.5 | 9.6 | 12.2 | 11.8 | 10.5 | 12.3 | 11 | 10.2 | 10.2 | 9.4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Qwen2.5-3B-InstructParameters=3B2026.05 | 8.4 | — | — | 4.5 | 7.6 | 1.3 | 8.6 | 9.4 | 9.3 | 9.6 | 8.9 | 11.4 | 7.9 | 1 | 8.4 | 9.9 | 10 | 9.7 | 11.8 | 11.4 | 8.7 | 8.2 | 7.1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Vanilla GRPOBackbone=Llama3.1-8B-Instruct2026.05 | 8.3 | — | — | 6.2 | 7.7 | 6.1 | 7.1 | 5.9 | 8.4 | 9.6 | 9 | 10.6 | 7.9 | 6.6 | 6.5 | 8.1 | 8.9 | 7.4 | 9 | 9.7 | 8 | 7.9 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Qwen2.5-3B-Instruct + M-ThinkerBackbone=Qwen2.5-3B-Instruct, Technique=M-Thinker2026.05 | 8.3 | — | — | 4.3 | 7.7 | 1.4 | 7.6 | 12 | 8.5 | 8.6 | 9.9 | 12.9 | 8.1 | 2.8 | 8.5 | 10.1 | 8.9 | 8.6 | 9.7 | 9.3 | 8.6 | 8.3 | 10.5 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| LANGBackbone=Llama3.1-8B-Instruct2026.05 | 8.2 | — | — | 7.3 | 7.8 | 6.5 | 8.9 | 5.1 | 9.6 | 10.9 | 11 | 13.4 | 8.9 | 5.6 | 6.9 | 8.5 | 9.7 | 9.3 | 10.8 | 9.8 | 8.7 | 8.8 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Qwen2.5-3B-Instruct + LCPBackbone=Qwen2.5-3B-Instruct, Technique=LCP2026.05 | 8.2 | — | — | 3.7 | 8.4 | 3.4 | 6.8 | 11 | 9.9 | 9.3 | 8.9 | 14.1 | 8.4 | 2.6 | 7.4 | 9.2 | 9.6 | 9.8 | 11.1 | 9.9 | 8.2 | 8.3 | 6.3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Qwen2.5-3B-Instruct + DITBackbone=Qwen2.5-3B-Instruct, Technique=DIT2026.05 | 7.6 | — | — | 5.4 | 6.4 | 3.1 | 7.4 | 10.4 | 11.7 | 9.9 | 10.4 | 11.7 | 8.4 | 1 | 8.2 | 8.8 | 9.6 | 9.4 | 10.5 | 10.2 | 8.4 | 8.4 | 9.4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Qwen2.5-3B-Instruct + M-SFTBackbone=Qwen2.5-3B-Instruct, Technique=M-SFT2026.05 | 7 | — | — | 3.5 | 7.9 | 2.1 | 5.7 | 10.6 | 8.8 | 10.2 | 7.7 | 13.8 | 7.7 | 1.4 | 8.3 | 9.5 | 10.8 | 8.9 | 10.6 | 10.6 | 8.6 | 8.1 | 8.6 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Llama3.1-8B-InstructEvaluation Type=Logical Consistency (LC)2026.05 | 5.9 | — | — | 5.6 | 5.9 | 5.1 | 6.9 | 4.3 | 5.8 | 7 | 6.3 | 10.3 | 6.3 | 5 | 6.2 | 7.4 | 7.4 | 6.3 | 5.8 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Llama3.1-8B-InstructEvaluation Type=Accuracy (Acc)2026.05 | 5.9 | — | — | 6.5 | 7.1 | 6.3 | 6.9 | 7.1 | 6.6 | 7.7 | 7.3 | 10.3 | 7.2 | 5.2 | 6.8 | 7.5 | 8.1 | 7.1 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.8 | 7 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct + M-SFTBackbone=Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct, Technique=M-SFT2026.05 | 4.5 | — | — | 4.2 | 6.7 | 1.7 | 4.8 | 4.2 | 4.1 | 5.6 | 4.4 | 6.1 | 4.6 | 1.4 | 6.6 | 6.5 | 7.1 | 4.9 | 7.5 | 4.7 | 5.3 | 4.9 | 4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| LC-GRPOBackbone=Llama3.1-8B-Instruct2026.05 | 3 | — | — | 5.8 | 7.3 | 4.7 | 7.4 | 4.7 | 9.7 | 5.1 | 8.5 | 7.8 | 6.4 | 5.5 | 6.2 | 4.6 | 4 | 2.9 | 5.3 | 6 | 4.9 | 5.8 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Qwen2.5-3B-InstructBackbone=Qwen2.5-3B-Instruct2026.05 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 8.3 | 4.5 | 7.5 | 1.3 | 8.5 | 7.9 | 9.2 | 9.6 | 8.7 | 11.4 | 7.7 | 1 | 8.4 | 9.9 | 9.5 | 9.6 | 11.4 | 11.2 | 8.7 | 8.1 | |
| Qwen2.5-3B-Instruct + DITBackbone=Qwen2.5-3B-Instruct, Variant=DIT2026.05 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 7.6 | 5.3 | 6.4 | 3.1 | 7.4 | 9.2 | 11.7 | 9.9 | 10.3 | 11.7 | 8.3 | 1 | 8.2 | 8.8 | 9.5 | 9.2 | 10.2 | 10.2 | 8.2 | 8.2 | |
| Qwen2.5-3B-Instruct + LANGBackbone=Qwen2.5-3B-Instruct, Variant=LANG2026.05 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 8.9 | 7.4 | 10.8 | 2.7 | 9.9 | 13.5 | 10.9 | 11.1 | 11.6 | 13.3 | 10 | 4.5 | 9.6 | 12.2 | 11.8 | 10.5 | 12.1 | 10.9 | 10.2 | 10.1 | |
| Qwen2.5-3B-Instruct + LC-GRPOBackbone=Qwen2.5-3B-Instruct, Variant=LC-GRPO2026.05 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 9.9 | 6.6 | 10.5 | 3 | 9.7 | 10.8 | 9.9 | 11.7 | 10.2 | 12.4 | 9.5 | 3 | 8.5 | 10.5 | 10.8 | 11.9 | 11.5 | 10.9 | 9.6 | 9.5 | |
| Qwen2.5-3B-Instruct + LCPBackbone=Qwen2.5-3B-Instruct, Variant=LCP2026.05 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 8.2 | 3.6 | 8.4 | 3.4 | 6.8 | 10.2 | 9.9 | 9.2 | 8.8 | 14.1 | 8.3 | 2.4 | 7.4 | 9.2 | 9.5 | 9.8 | 10.9 | 9.9 | 8.4 | 8.3 | |
| Qwen2.5-3B-Instruct + M-SFTBackbone=Qwen2.5-3B-Instruct, Variant=M-SFT2026.05 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2.7 | 2.8 | 4.3 | 0.9 | 2.7 | 4.6 | 3 | 2.9 | 5.9 | 4.5 | 3.4 | 0.4 | 5 | 5.4 | 3.1 | 2.2 | 3.7 | 5.7 | 3.6 | 3.5 | |
| Qwen2.5-3B-Instruct + M-ThinkerBackbone=Qwen2.5-3B-Instruct, Variant=M-Thinker2026.05 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 9.1 | 4.8 | 6.5 | 2.3 | 7.3 | 8.7 | 9.7 | 8.3 | 10.7 | 12.5 | 8 | 1.1 | 8.1 | 8.9 | 9.4 | 7.5 | 9.8 | 9.2 | 7.7 | 7.9 | |
| Qwen2.5-3B-Instruct + mGRPOBackbone=Qwen2.5-3B-Instruct, Variant=mGRPO2026.05 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 8.7 | 5.8 | 8.7 | 1 | 7.5 | 8.3 | 10 | 11.7 | 9 | 12.7 | 8.4 | 3.1 | 7.8 | 8.6 | 10.1 | 8 | 8.4 | 10.1 | 8 | 8.2 | |
| Qwen2.5-3B-Instruct + QRTBackbone=Qwen2.5-3B-Instruct, Variant=QRT2026.05 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 10.8 | 3.2 | 6.3 | 1.5 | 9.2 | 6.9 | 9.5 | 10.9 | 10.8 | 12.7 | 8.2 | 1.5 | 7.5 | 11.4 | 10.6 | 10.5 | 9.4 | 9.7 | 8.7 | 8.4 | |
| Qwen2.5-3B-Instruct + Vanilla GRPOBackbone=Qwen2.5-3B-Instruct, Variant=Vanilla GRPO2026.05 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 9.1 | 0.4 | 8.1 | 1.5 | 8.5 | 10.7 | 10.2 | 11.1 | 10.6 | 12.7 | 8.3 | 2.6 | 8.5 | 9.7 | 7.8 | 12.2 | 10 | 11.6 | 8.9 | 8.6 | |
| Qwen2.5-7B-InstructBackbone=Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct2026.05 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 12.1 | 11.8 | 12.7 | 2.2 | 13.8 | 15.3 | 15.3 | 15.2 | 14.8 | 17.3 | 13.1 | 6.2 | 12.4 | 14.4 | 13.4 | 9.7 | 13.6 | 15.1 | 12 | 12.7 | |
| Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct + DITBackbone=Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct, Variant=DIT2026.05 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 12.1 | 10.8 | 11.8 | 2.8 | 13.2 | 13.7 | 13.5 | 16.6 | 15.7 | 16.6 | 12.7 | 6.6 | 11.6 | 11.9 | 16.8 | 13.5 | 14.4 | 14.3 | 12.7 | 12.7 | |
| Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct + LANGBackbone=Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct, Variant=LANG2026.05 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 16.2 | 11 | 15.3 | 3.4 | 15.3 | 15.7 | 17.9 | 17.9 | 19.4 | 17.9 | 15 | 7.6 | 16.1 | 17.2 | 20.5 | 17.4 | 17.7 | 19 | 16.5 | 15.6 | |
| Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct + LC-GRPOBackbone=Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct, Variant=LC-GRPO2026.05 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 14.3 | 9 | 11.2 | 2.5 | 13.7 | 13.4 | 17.2 | 17 | 18.3 | 17.6 | 13.4 | 6 | 13.3 | 16.5 | 16.6 | 14.5 | 17.1 | 18.7 | 14.7 | 13.9 | |
| Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct + LCPBackbone=Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct, Variant=LCP2026.05 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 9 | 5.1 | 8.3 | 1.3 | 8.2 | 6.8 | 8.9 | 9.3 | 10.9 | 14.2 | 8.2 | 1 | 9.4 | 9.2 | 10 | 7.9 | 10.5 | 10.7 | 8.4 | 8.3 | |
| Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct + M-SFTBackbone=Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct, Variant=M-SFT2026.05 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 5.1 | 2.8 | 6.7 | 1.3 | 4.8 | 3.7 | 4.1 | 5.1 | 5.3 | 6.1 | 4.5 | 1.4 | 4.4 | 6.5 | 7.1 | 3.4 | 7.5 | 5.9 | 5.2 | 4.8 | |
| Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct + M-ThinkerBackbone=Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct, Variant=M-Thinker2026.05 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 13.6 | 8.8 | 9 | 3.1 | 11.7 | 12.1 | 13.2 | 14.8 | 14.7 | 14.3 | 11.5 | 7.8 | 10.8 | 12.3 | 14.3 | 13.4 | 13.8 | 15.5 | 12.6 | 12 | |
| Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct + mGRPOBackbone=Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct, Variant=mGRPO2026.05 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 14.9 | 10.6 | 11.5 | 2.7 | 12.7 | 13.1 | 13.8 | 15.4 | 16.4 | 15.3 | 12.6 | 6.5 | 12.8 | 13.8 | 15.7 | 13.3 | 16.4 | 16.5 | 13.6 | 13 | |
| Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct + QRTBackbone=Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct, Variant=QRT2026.05 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 12.2 | 11.5 | 12.1 | 4.9 | 14.5 | 13.4 | 14.8 | 16.1 | 15 | 17.5 | 13.2 | 7.7 | 11.5 | 14 | 13.6 | 13.7 | 14.9 | 16.5 | 13.1 | 13.2 | |
| Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct + Vanilla GRPOBackbone=Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct, Variant=Vanilla GRPO2026.05 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 13.1 | 4.5 | 1.4 | 2.1 | 13.1 | 15.8 | 16.6 | 15.9 | 15.3 | 17.4 | 11.5 | 4.2 | 12.4 | 15.8 | 15.6 | 14.1 | 16.4 | 16.2 | 13.5 | 12.3 |