Multi-organ segmentation on Synapse multi-organ CT (test)
91.94DSC (Aorta)DAE-Former
Evaluation results
| Method | Links | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DAE-FormerTraining set=Fully Supervised2024.03 | 91.94 | 82.43 | 17.46 | 80.88 | 86.08 | 72.3 | 94.98 | 79.19 | 88.96 | 65.12 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| H-SAMTraining set=Fully Supervised2024.03 | 91.88 | 86.49 | 8.18 | 71.11 | 89.38 | 87.1 | 93.34 | 73.49 | 95.72 | 89.93 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| EoSeg2026.06 | 90.8 | — | — | 74.99 | 84.85 | 79.64 | 94.87 | 75.89 | 94.13 | 88.83 | — | — | — | — | 85.5 | |
| SwinUnetTraining set=Fully Supervised2024.03 | 90.66 | 79.13 | 21.55 | 79.61 | 83.28 | 66.53 | 94.29 | 76.6 | 85.47 | 56.58 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| UCTransNet2026.03 | 90.35 | 80.09 | — | 61.56 | 82.8 | 77.83 | 94.94 | 62.02 | 90.74 | 80.44 | — | 22.94 | — | 69.47 | — | |
| SP U-Net w. TEtransfer entropy selection=true2026.02 | 90.2 | 80.89 | 31.18 | 70.52 | 84.43 | 79.76 | 95.09 | 63.46 | 86.69 | 76.98 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| U-Net2026.03 | 89.93 | 76.25 | — | 54.42 | 78.87 | 72.87 | 92.71 | 59.65 | 85.98 | 75.55 | — | 26.93 | — | 65.96 | — | |
| EMCAD + XAttnResIntegration=skip connections alongside XAttnRes2026.03 | 89.8 | 83.75 | — | 68 | 88.23 | 84.78 | 95 | 66.7 | 92.74 | 84.75 | — | 15.58 | — | 74.85 | — | |
| Att-UNet2021.05 | 89.55 | 77.77 | 36.02 | 68.88 | 77.98 | 71.11 | 93.57 | 58.04 | 87.3 | 75.75 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Att-UNet2021.09 | 89.55 | 77.77 | 36.02 | 68.88 | 77.98 | 71.11 | 93.57 | 58.04 | 87.3 | 75.75 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Att-UnetBackbone=U-Net2024.06 | 89.55 | 77.77 | — | 68.88 | 77.98 | 71.11 | 93.57 | 58.04 | 87.3 | 75.75 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Att-UNet2026.02 | 89.55 | 77.77 | 36.87 | 68.88 | 77.98 | 71.11 | 93.57 | 58.04 | 87.3 | 75.75 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Att-UNet2026.06 | 89.55 | — | — | 68.88 | 77.98 | 71.11 | 93.57 | 58.04 | 87.3 | 75.75 | — | — | — | — | 77.77 | |
| SP U-Net2026.02 | 89.26 | 80.45 | 31.25 | 71.59 | 83.26 | 76.53 | 94.77 | 67.75 | 86.65 | 73.8 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| U-Net2021.05 | 89.07 | 76.85 | 39.7 | 69.72 | 77.77 | 68.6 | 93.43 | 53.98 | 86.67 | 75.58 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| U-Net2021.09 | 89.07 | 76.85 | 39.7 | 69.72 | 77.77 | 68.6 | 93.43 | 53.98 | 86.67 | 75.58 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| U-NetBackbone=U-Net2024.06 | 89.07 | 76.85 | — | 69.72 | 77.77 | 68.6 | 93.43 | 53.98 | 86.67 | 75.58 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| U-Net2026.02 | 89.07 | 76.85 | 39.7 | 69.72 | 77.77 | 68.6 | 93.43 | 53.98 | 86.67 | 75.58 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| U-Net2026.06 | 89.07 | — | — | 69.72 | 77.77 | 68.6 | 93.43 | 53.98 | 86.67 | 75.58 | — | — | — | — | 76.85 | |
| CASTformermode=CASTformer (ours)2022.01 | 89.05 | 82.55 | — | 67.48 | 86.05 | 82.17 | 95.61 | 67.49 | 91 | 81.55 | 74.69 | 22.73 | 5.81 | — | — | |
| TransDeepLabTraining set=Fully Supervised2024.03 | 89 | 80.16 | 21.25 | 79.88 | 84.08 | 69.16 | 93.53 | 78.4 | 86.04 | 61.19 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| CATformermode=CATformer (ours)2022.01 | 88.98 | 82.17 | — | 67.16 | 85.72 | 81.69 | 95.34 | 66.53 | 90.74 | 81.2 | 73.22 | 16.2 | 4.28 | — | — | |
| Unet3+2026.03 | 88.87 | 76.93 | — | 61.93 | 83.06 | 76.52 | 93.83 | 56.21 | 81.88 | 73.17 | — | 26.77 | — | 66.02 | — | |
| Pyramid UNet2026.02 | 88.82 | 79.3 | 32.31 | 65.76 | 82.7 | 74.8 | 96.16 | 57.77 | 88.8 | 73.85 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| SelfReg-UNet (U-Net backbone)Backbone=U-Net2024.06 | 88.74 | 80.34 | — | 71.78 | 85.32 | 80.71 | 93.8 | 62.22 | 84.78 | 75.39 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| SelfReg + UNetenhancement=SelfReg2026.06 | 88.74 | — | — | 71.78 | 85.32 | 80.71 | 93.8 | 62.22 | 84.78 | 75.39 | — | — | — | — | 80.34 | |
| SAMedTraining set=Fully Supervised2024.03 | 88.72 | 81.88 | 20.64 | 79.95 | 80.45 | 69.11 | 94.8 | 82.06 | 87.77 | 72.17 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| EMCAD2026.03 | 88.14 | 83.63 | — | 68.87 | 88.08 | 84.1 | 95.26 | 68.51 | 92.17 | 83.92 | — | 15.68 | — | 74.65 | — | |
| MERIT-GCASCADEruns=52023.10 | 88.05 | 84.54 | — | 74.81 | 88.01 | 84.83 | 95.38 | 69.73 | 91.92 | 83.63 | 75.83 | 10.38 | — | — | — | |
| DeepLabv32024.06 | 88.04 | 77.63 | — | 66.51 | 82.76 | 74.21 | 91.23 | 58.32 | 87.43 | 73.53 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| DeepLabv32026.06 | 88.04 | — | — | 66.51 | 82.76 | 74.21 | 91.23 | 58.32 | 87.43 | 73.53 | — | — | — | — | 77.63 | |
| HWT UNet2026.02 | 88.01 | 77.27 | 34.16 | 64.09 | 81.52 | 75.2 | 94.21 | 54.12 | 87.17 | 75.75 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| MT-UNet2023.10 | 87.92 | 78.59 | — | 64.99 | 81.47 | 77.29 | 93.06 | 59.46 | 87.75 | 76.81 | — | 26.59 | — | — | — | |
| MT-UNet2026.03 | 87.92 | 78.59 | — | 64.99 | 81.47 | 77.29 | 93.06 | 59.46 | 87.75 | 76.81 | — | 26.59 | — | — | — | |
| U-NetBackbone=ResNet-502021.05 | 87.74 | 74.68 | 36.87 | 63.66 | 80.6 | 78.19 | 93.74 | 56.9 | 85.87 | 74.16 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| R50 U-Netbackbone=ResNet-502021.09 | 87.74 | 74.68 | 36.87 | 63.66 | 80.6 | 78.19 | 93.74 | 56.9 | 85.87 | 74.16 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| R50 U-NetBackbone=ResNet-502024.06 | 87.74 | 74.68 | — | 63.66 | 80.6 | 78.19 | 93.74 | 56.9 | 85.87 | 74.16 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| R50 U-NetBackbone=ResNet-502026.02 | 87.74 | 74.68 | 36.87 | 63.66 | 80.6 | 78.19 | 93.74 | 56.9 | 85.87 | 74.16 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| R50 U-Netbackbone=R502026.06 | 87.74 | — | — | 63.66 | 80.6 | 78.19 | 93.74 | 56.9 | 85.87 | 74.16 | — | — | — | — | 74.68 | |
| MERITTraining set=Fully Supervised2024.03 | 87.71 | 84.9 | 13.22 | 74.4 | 87.79 | 84.85 | 95.26 | 71.81 | 92.01 | 85.38 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| TransUnet2021.05 | 87.23 | 77.48 | 31.69 | 63.13 | 81.87 | 77.02 | 94.08 | 55.86 | 85.08 | 75.62 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Transunet2021.09 | 87.23 | 77.48 | 31.69 | 63.13 | 81.87 | 77.02 | 94.08 | 55.86 | 85.08 | 75.62 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| TransUNetDecoder=TransUNet2022.01 | 87.23 | 77.48 | — | 63.13 | 81.87 | 77.02 | 94.08 | 55.86 | 85.08 | 75.62 | 64.78 | 31.69 | 8.46 | — | — | |
| Trans Unet2024.06 | 87.23 | 77.48 | — | 63.13 | 81.87 | 77.02 | 94.08 | 55.86 | 85.08 | 75.62 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| TransUnet2026.02 | 87.23 | 77.48 | 31.69 | 63.13 | 81.87 | 77.02 | 94.08 | 55.86 | 85.08 | 75.62 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| TransUNet2026.06 | 87.23 | — | — | 63.13 | 81.87 | 77.02 | 94.08 | 55.86 | 85.08 | 75.62 | — | — | — | — | 77.48 | |
| EViT-UNet2026.06 | 87.13 | — | — | 66.53 | 85.45 | 83.14 | 94.92 | 62.92 | 89.66 | 77.18 | — | — | — | — | 80.87 | |
| MISSFormer2021.09 | 86.99 | 81.96 | 18.2 | 68.65 | 85.21 | 82 | 94.41 | 65.67 | 91.92 | 80.81 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| MISSFormer2023.10 | 86.99 | 81.96 | — | 68.65 | 85.21 | 82 | 94.41 | 65.67 | 91.92 | 80.81 | — | 18.2 | — | — | — | |
| MISSFormer2026.03 | 86.99 | 81.96 | — | 68.65 | 85.21 | 82 | 94.41 | 65.67 | 91.92 | 80.81 | — | 18.2 | — | — | — | |
| Cascaded MERITbatch size=62023.10 | 86.67 | 84.32 | — | 72.63 | 87.71 | 84.62 | 95.02 | 70.74 | 91.98 | 85.17 | 75.44 | 14.27 | — | — | — | |
| TransCASCADE2023.10 | 86.63 | 82.68 | — | 68.48 | 87.66 | 84.56 | 94.43 | 65.33 | 90.79 | 83.52 | 73.48 | 17.34 | — | — | — | |
| TransCASCADE2026.03 | 86.63 | 82.68 | — | 68.48 | 87.66 | 84.56 | 94.43 | 65.33 | 90.79 | 83.52 | — | 17.34 | — | 73.48 | — | |
| TransUNet2023.10 | 86.56 | 77.61 | — | 60.43 | 80.54 | 78.53 | 94.33 | 58.47 | 87.06 | 75 | 67.32 | 26.9 | — | — | — | |
| TransUNet2026.03 | 86.56 | 77.61 | — | 60.43 | 80.54 | 78.53 | 94.33 | 58.47 | 87.06 | 75 | — | 26.9 | — | 67.32 | — | |
| PVT-GCASCADEruns=52023.10 | 86.5 | 83.28 | — | 71.71 | 87.07 | 83.77 | 95.31 | 66.72 | 90.84 | 83.58 | 73.91 | 15.83 | — | — | — | |
| SelfReg-UNet (SwinUnet backbone)Backbone=Swin Transformer2024.06 | 86.07 | 80.54 | — | 69.65 | 85.12 | 82.58 | 94.18 | 61.08 | 87.42 | 78.22 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| SelfReg + SwinUNetenhancement=SelfReg2026.06 | 86.07 | — | — | 69.65 | 85.12 | 82.58 | 94.18 | 61.08 | 87.42 | 78.22 | — | — | — | — | 80.54 | |
| HiFormer2024.06 | 85.63 | 80.29 | — | 73.29 | 82.39 | 64.84 | 94.22 | 60.84 | 91.03 | 78.07 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| HiFormer2026.06 | 85.63 | — | — | 73.29 | 82.39 | 64.84 | 94.22 | 60.84 | 91.03 | 78.07 | — | — | — | — | 80.29 | |
| H-SAMTraining set=10%2024.03 | 85.54 | 80.35 | 15.54 | 70.7 | 85.65 | 84.16 | 94.29 | 56.17 | 90.21 | 76.1 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Swin-Unetinput size=224x224, patch size=42021.05 | 85.47 | 79.13 | 21.55 | 66.53 | 83.28 | 79.61 | 94.29 | 56.58 | 90.66 | 76.6 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Swin-Unet2021.09 | 85.47 | 79.13 | 21.55 | 66.53 | 83.28 | 79.61 | 94.29 | 56.58 | 90.66 | 76.6 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| SwinUNetDecoder=SwinUNet2022.01 | 85.47 | 76.33 | — | 66.53 | 83.28 | 79.61 | 94.29 | 56.58 | 90.66 | 76.6 | 65.64 | 27.16 | 8.32 | — | — | |
| SwinUnetBackbone=Swin Transformer2024.06 | 85.47 | 79.13 | — | 66.53 | 83.28 | 79.61 | 94.29 | 56.58 | 90.66 | 76.6 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| SwinUnet2026.02 | 85.47 | 79.13 | 21.55 | 66.53 | 83.28 | 79.61 | 94.29 | 56.58 | 90.66 | 76.6 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| SwinUNet2026.06 | 85.47 | — | — | 66.53 | 83.28 | 79.61 | 94.29 | 56.58 | 90.66 | 76.6 | — | — | — | — | 79.13 | |
| MISSFormer_Sdescription=Variant without multi-scale feature integration2021.09 | 85.31 | 80.74 | 19.65 | 66.47 | 83.37 | 81.65 | 94.52 | 63.49 | 91.51 | 79.63 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| U-Net + XAttnResIntegration=skip connections alongside XAttnRes2026.03 | 85.2 | 76.4 | — | 55.81 | 75.92 | 71.73 | 94.96 | 60.5 | 88.71 | 78.34 | — | 26.71 | — | 66.17 | — | |
| TransUnetTraining set=Fully Supervised2024.03 | 85.08 | 77.48 | 31.69 | 77.02 | 81.87 | 63.13 | 94.08 | 75.62 | 87.23 | 55.86 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| R50+UNet2023.10 | 84.18 | 74.68 | — | 62.84 | 79.19 | 71.29 | 93.35 | 48.23 | 84.41 | 73.92 | — | 36.87 | — | — | — | |
| UNetDecoder=UNet2022.01 | 84 | 70.11 | — | 56.7 | 72.41 | 62.64 | 86.98 | 48.73 | 81.48 | 67.96 | 59.39 | 44.69 | 14.41 | — | — | |
| UNet2023.10 | 84 | 70.11 | — | 56.7 | 72.41 | 62.64 | 86.98 | 48.73 | 81.48 | 67.96 | 59.39 | 44.69 | — | — | — | |
| AttnUNetEncoder=ResNet50, Decoder=AttnUNet2022.01 | 83.68 | 74.74 | — | 58.63 | 79.08 | 74.53 | 90.81 | 55.76 | 83.8 | 71.68 | 62.69 | 33.04 | 9.49 | — | — | |
| CoTrDecoder=CoTr2022.01 | 83.27 | 72.6 | — | 60.41 | 79.58 | 73.01 | 91.93 | 45.07 | 82.84 | 64.67 | 61.25 | 41.55 | 12.42 | — | — | |
| PVT-CASCADE2023.10 | 83.01 | 81.06 | — | 70.59 | 82.23 | 80.37 | 94.08 | 64.43 | 90.1 | 83.69 | 70.88 | 20.23 | — | — | — | |
| PVT-CASCADE2026.03 | 83.01 | 81.06 | — | 70.59 | 82.23 | 80.37 | 94.08 | 64.43 | 90.1 | 83.69 | — | 20.23 | — | 70.88 | — | |
| SSFormerPVT2023.10 | 82.78 | 78.01 | — | 63.74 | 80.72 | 78.11 | 93.53 | 61.53 | 87.07 | 76.61 | 67.23 | 25.72 | — | — | — | |
| SSFormer2026.03 | 82.78 | 78.01 | — | 63.74 | 80.72 | 78.11 | 93.53 | 61.53 | 87.07 | 76.61 | — | 25.72 | — | 67.23 | — | |
| AttnUNetDecoder=AttnUNet2022.01 | 82.61 | 71.7 | — | 61.94 | 76.07 | 70.42 | 87.54 | 46.7 | 80.67 | 67.66 | 61.38 | 34.47 | 10 | — | — | |
| AttnUNet2023.10 | 82.61 | 71.7 | — | 61.94 | 76.07 | 70.42 | 87.54 | 46.7 | 80.67 | 67.66 | 61.38 | 34.47 | — | — | — | |
| AutoSAMTraining set=Fully Supervised2024.03 | 82.56 | 62.08 | 27.56 | 41.37 | 79.6 | 80.02 | 89.24 | 44.22 | 80.54 | 61.14 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| PolypPVT2023.10 | 82.34 | 78.08 | — | 66.14 | 81.21 | 73.78 | 94.37 | 59.34 | 88.05 | 79.4 | 67.43 | 25.61 | — | — | — | |
| PolypPVT2026.03 | 82.34 | 78.08 | — | 66.14 | 81.21 | 73.78 | 94.37 | 59.34 | 88.05 | 79.4 | — | 25.61 | — | 67.43 | — | |
| UNetEncoder=ResNet50, Decoder=UNet2022.01 | 82.21 | 73.51 | — | 55.06 | 76.71 | 73.07 | 89.36 | 53.52 | 84.91 | 73.22 | 63.81 | 29.65 | 8.83 | — | — | |
| SwinUNet2023.10 | 81.76 | 77.58 | — | 65.95 | 82.32 | 79.22 | 93.73 | 53.81 | 88.04 | 75.79 | 66.88 | 27.32 | — | — | — | |
| Swin-UNet2026.03 | 81.76 | 77.58 | — | 65.95 | 82.32 | 79.22 | 93.73 | 53.81 | 88.04 | 75.79 | — | 27.32 | — | 66.88 | — | |
| SAMedTraining set=10%2024.03 | 78.72 | 75.57 | 23.02 | 63.15 | 82.62 | 82.25 | 92.72 | 52.12 | 85.82 | 67.2 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| LeVit-UnetBackbone=LeViT2024.06 | 78.53 | 78.53 | — | 62.23 | 84.61 | 80.25 | 93.11 | 59.07 | 88.86 | 72.76 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| LeViT-UNet2026.06 | 78.53 | — | — | 62.23 | 84.61 | 80.25 | 93.11 | 59.07 | 88.86 | 72.76 | — | — | — | — | 78.53 | |
| SAM AdapterTraining set=Fully Supervised2024.03 | 77.93 | 72.8 | 33.08 | 57.49 | 79.02 | 79 | 92.67 | 43.07 | 83.68 | 69.48 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| V-Net2021.05 | 75.34 | 68.81 | — | 51.87 | 77.1 | 80.75 | 87.84 | 40.05 | 80.56 | 56.98 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| V-Net2021.09 | 75.34 | 68.81 | — | 51.87 | 77.1 | 80.75 | 87.84 | 40.05 | 80.56 | 56.98 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| AutoSAMTraining set=10%2024.03 | 75.19 | 55.69 | 31.67 | 24.87 | 76.53 | 77.44 | 88.06 | 34.58 | 68.8 | 52.7 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| DARR2021.05 | 74.74 | 69.77 | — | 53.77 | 72.31 | 73.24 | 94.08 | 54.18 | 89.9 | 45.96 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| DARR2021.09 | 74.74 | 69.77 | — | 53.77 | 72.31 | 73.24 | 94.08 | 54.18 | 89.9 | 45.96 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| ViTBackbone=ResNet-502021.05 | 73.73 | 71.29 | 32.87 | 55.13 | 75.8 | 72.2 | 91.51 | 45.99 | 81.99 | 73.95 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| R50 ViTbackbone=ResNet-502021.09 | 73.73 | 71.29 | 32.87 | 55.13 | 75.8 | 72.2 | 91.51 | 45.99 | 81.99 | 73.95 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| R50 ViTBackbone=ResNet-502026.02 | 73.73 | 71.29 | 32.27 | 55.13 | 73.52 | 72.2 | 91.51 | 45.99 | 81.99 | 73.95 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| SAM AdapterTraining set=10%2024.03 | 66.74 | 58.28 | 54.22 | 22.38 | 66.77 | 68.38 | 89.69 | 26.76 | 72.42 | 53.15 | — | — | — | — | — |