ResearchBenchmarksMulti-model Testing on MNISTMulti-model Testing on MNISTFollow264Mean Failure CountSINVAD164.32837.161,5102,182.84Jun 3, 2026Evaluation resultsMethodMethodLinksMean Failure CountStd Dev Failure CountMean Testing Efficiency (s)Std Dev Testing Efficiency (s)SINVADModels=LeNet-4 / LeNet-5Models=LeNet-4 / LeNet-52026.0626412.811.40.45CIT4DNNModels=LeNet-4 / LeNet-5Models=LeNet-4 / LeNet-52026.0671841.29.20.38LATTEModels=LeNet-4 / LeNet-5Models=LeNet-4 / LeNet-52026.062,75695.68.70.52