Multi-bit Watermarking on LLM text generation (400 tokens, 36 bits)
1AUCGumbel-max (MirrorMark)
Evaluation results
| Method | Links | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gumbel-max (MirrorMark)sampling_strategy=Gumbel-max2026.01 | 1 | 1 | 0.9929 | 6.8081 | |
| Gumbel-maxEmbedded bits=36, Text length=400 tokens, Edit fraction (epsilon)=02026.01 | 1 | 100 | 98.91 | — | |
| RSBH2026.01 | 0.9999 | 1 | 1 | 32.5108 | |
| RSBHEmbedded bits=36, Text length=400 tokens, Edit fraction (epsilon)=02026.01 | 0.9999 | 100 | 100 | — | |
| Tour-Wmean (MirrorMark)sampling_strategy=Tour-Wmean2026.01 | 0.9998 | 0.996 | 0.9811 | 7.1759 | |
| Tour-WmeanEmbedded bits=36, Text length=400 tokens, Edit fraction (epsilon)=02026.01 | 0.9997 | 100 | 96.81 | — | |
| Tour-Bayes (MirrorMark)sampling_strategy=Tour-Bayes2026.01 | 0.9996 | 0.992 | 0.9819 | 7.1759 | |
| Tour-BayesEmbedded bits=36, Text length=400 tokens, Edit fraction (epsilon)=02026.01 | 0.9996 | 100 | 96.81 | — | |
| MPAC2026.01 | 0.997 | 0.982 | 0.9599 | 8.816 | |
| MPACEmbedded bits=36, Text length=400 tokens, Edit fraction (epsilon)=02026.01 | 0.997 | 98.2 | 95.99 | — | |
| StealthInk2026.01 | 0.9941 | 0.95 | 0.9204 | 6.5826 | |
| StealthInkEmbedded bits=36, Text length=400 tokens, Edit fraction (epsilon)=02026.01 | 0.9941 | 95 | 92.04 | — | |
| Non Watermark2026.01 | — | — | — | 7.0513 |