ResearchBenchmarksMembership Inference Computation Cost Analysis on RAR-XXL (suspect set of 1,000 images)Membership Inference Computation Cost Analysis on RAR-XXL (suspect set of 1,000 images)Follow0Shadow Model Cost (h)NU-DUI-3001,7253,7505,775Jun 24, 2026Evaluation resultsMethodMethodLinksShadow Model Cost (h)SD Attack Cost (min)AE Attack Cost (min)Target Model Cost (min)Estimation Cost (s)Total Computation CostNU-DUINumber of shadow model...Number of shadow models=0, GPU Type=Nvidia A100 GPU2026.06016.616.68.3142.5DUCINumber of shadow model...Number of shadow models=1, GPU Type=Nvidia A100 GPU2026.061,5000016.611,500.2DUCINumber of shadow model...Number of shadow models=5, GPU Type=Nvidia A100 GPU2026.067,5000049.817,501