Medical Image Segmentation on ACDC (test)
94.88Avg DSCRefineFormer3D
Evaluation results
| Method | Links | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RefineFormer3DConv Block=Standard Conv3D, Params (M)=4.872026.02 | 94.88 | 93.09 | — | 93.67 | — | 97.89 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Intra-observer (Expert vs. Self)2026.03 | 93.8 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| RefineFormer3DConv Block=GhostConv3D, Params (M)=2.942026.02 | 93.44 | 92.19 | — | 91.97 | — | 96.14 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| CardioSAM2026.03 | 93.39 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| DS-UNETR++Params (M)=67.72026.02 | 93.03 | 92.23 | — | 90.82 | — | 96.04 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| UNETR++Params (M)=42.962026.03 | 92.83 | 91.89 | — | 90.61 | — | 96 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Perspective+2024.06 | 92.54 | 90.92 | — | 90.49 | — | 96.2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| PFormerParams (M)=46.042026.02 | 92.33 | 91.11 | — | 89.93 | — | 95.88 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| DCAU-Net2026.03 | 92.11 | 90.46 | — | 89.88 | — | 95.98 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Low-Rank MoE (Single-task)#param=3.4M, Low-Rank=true, MoE=true2024.06 | 92.08 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Low-Rank MoE (□ ∇ sequence)#param=3.4M, Low-Rank=true, MoE=true2024.06 | 92.08 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Low-Rank MoE (∇ □ sequence)#param=3.4M, Low-Rank=true, MoE=true2024.06 | 92.08 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Low-Rank MoE (△ ∇ sequence)#param=3.4M, Low-Rank=true, MoE=true2024.06 | 92.08 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Low-Rank MoE (∇ △ sequence)#param=3.4M, Low-Rank=true, MoE=true2024.06 | 92.08 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| BRAU-Net++2026.03 | 92.07 | 90.72 | — | 89.57 | — | 95.9 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| nnFormer2024.06 | 92.06 | 90.94 | — | 89.58 | — | 95.65 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| nnFormerParams (M)=150.52026.02 | 92.06 | 90.94 | — | 89.58 | — | 95.65 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| nnFormerParams (M)=150.52026.03 | 92.06 | 90.94 | — | 89.58 | — | 95.65 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Swin-UNETR (Single-task)#param=88.1M, Low-Rank=false, MoE=false2024.06 | 92.02 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| nnUNetData=masks2024.02 | 92 | 91.5 | — | 90.1 | — | 94.3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| LightMedSegConv Type=Standard Conv, Params (M)=0.662026.03 | 91.81 | 92.17 | — | 87.78 | — | 95.47 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| U-NetLabeled Scans=140 (100%), Unlabeled Scans=02023.05 | 91.78 | 91.48 | 0.47 | 89.22 | 0.54 | 94.64 | 0.55 | 0.52 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| U-NetLb=70, Unlb=02024.09 | 91.65 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.56 | — | 84.93 | 1.89 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| SOTA2024.06 | 91.46 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| PVT-CASCADE2026.03 | 91.46 | 88.9 | — | 89.97 | — | 95.5 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| GCI-NetParams (M)=13.362026.02 | 91.43 | 90.28 | — | 89.24 | — | 94.77 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| MS-TCNetParams (M)=59.492026.02 | 91.43 | 89.43 | — | 89.09 | — | 95.77 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| ParaTransCNNParams(M)=42.70, FLOPs(G)=50.392024.01 | 91.31 | 92.76 | — | 85.84 | — | 95.34 | — | — | 1.16 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| MCTE2024.06 | 91.31 | 89.14 | — | 89.51 | — | 95.27 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| LightMedSegConv Type=Ghost Conv, Params (M)=0.482026.03 | 91.24 | 91.77 | — | 86.24 | — | 95.72 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Inter-observer (Expert vs. Expert)2026.03 | 91.2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| MISSFormer2024.06 | 91.19 | 89.85 | — | 88.38 | — | 95.34 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| TransUNet + J-RASJ-RAS=true, Top-k=22025.10 | 91.18 | 91.05 | — | 89.18 | — | 93.3 | — | — | 1.6234 | — | — | 0.03 | 1.9041 | 1.2598 | 1.7063 | 3.3 | |
| SegFormer + J-RASJ-RAS=true, Top-k=22025.10 | 91.15 | 90.5 | — | 89 | — | 93.95 | — | — | 1.1489 | — | — | 0.031 | 1.2706 | 1.0307 | 1.1455 | 0.3 | |
| Segformer3DParams (M)=4.52026.02 | 90.96 | 88.5 | — | 88.86 | — | 95.53 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Segformer3DParams (M)=4.52026.03 | 90.96 | 88.5 | — | 88.86 | — | 95.53 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| SDCLLb=7, Unlb=632024.09 | 90.92 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.31 | — | 83.83 | 1.29 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Att-UNetParams(M)=34.88, FLOPs(G)=51.042024.01 | 90.9 | 91.33 | — | 85.79 | — | 95.58 | — | — | 1.52 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| OursLabeling Ratio=10%2026.04 | 90.87 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.69 | — | 83.67 | 2.07 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| MISSFormer2026.03 | 90.86 | 89.55 | — | 88.04 | — | 94.99 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| TransUNetParams(M)=105.28, FLOPs(G)=24.682024.01 | 90.79 | 91.56 | — | 85.24 | — | 95.18 | — | — | 1.08 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| U-NetParams(M)=34.53, FLOPs(G)=50.192024.01 | 90.68 | 91.65 | — | 84.82 | — | 95.57 | — | — | 1.51 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| ResU-NetLb=70, Unlb=02024.09 | 90.44 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.47 | — | 82.95 | 1.77 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| TransDeepLabParams(M)=21.14, FLOPs(G)=15.682024.01 | 90.41 | 91.45 | — | 84.54 | — | 95.23 | — | — | 1.12 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| UNet + J-RASJ-RAS=true, Top-k=22025.10 | 90.34 | 89.92 | — | 87.97 | — | 93.13 | — | — | 1.2965 | — | — | 0.033 | 1.3887 | 1.3195 | 1.1814 | 0.7 | |
| LeViT-Unet-384Params (M)=52.172026.02 | 90.32 | 89.55 | — | 87.64 | — | 93.76 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| LeViT-UNetParams (M)=52.172026.03 | 90.32 | 89.55 | — | 87.64 | — | 93.76 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Swin U-NetParams(M)=27.17, FLOPs(G)=5.922024.01 | 90.25 | 90.67 | — | 84.92 | — | 95.16 | — | — | 1.32 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| ScaleFormer2024.06 | 90.17 | 87.33 | — | 88.16 | — | 95.04 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| HiFormerParams(M)=25.51, FLOPs(G)=17.762024.01 | 90.12 | 91.06 | — | 84.54 | — | 94.77 | — | — | 2.15 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| SwinUNet2024.06 | 90 | 88.55 | — | 85.62 | — | 95.83 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| SwinUNet2026.02 | 90 | 88.55 | — | 85.62 | — | 95.83 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| SwinUNet2026.03 | 90 | 88.55 | — | 85.62 | — | 95.83 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Swin-Unet2026.03 | 90 | 88.55 | — | 85.62 | — | 95.83 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| DAE-FormerParams(M)=48.07, FLOPs(G)=26.112024.01 | 89.78 | 89.91 | — | 84.38 | — | 95.04 | — | — | 1.91 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| TransUNet2024.06 | 89.71 | 88.86 | — | 84.53 | — | 95.73 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| TransUNetParams (M)=96.072026.02 | 89.71 | 88.86 | — | 85.54 | — | 95.73 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| TransUNetParams (M)=96.072026.03 | 89.71 | 88.86 | — | 85.54 | — | 95.73 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| TransUNet2026.03 | 89.71 | 88.86 | — | 84.54 | — | 95.73 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| SCP-NetLabeled Scans=14, Unlabeled Scans=1262023.05 | 89.69 | 89.26 | 0.77 | 87.11 | 0.51 | 92.7 | 0.92 | 0.73 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| BCPCauSSLLb=7, Unlb=632024.09 | 89.66 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.93 | — | 81.79 | 3.67 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| DC-NetLb=7, Unlb=632024.09 | 89.42 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.38 | — | 81.37 | 1.28 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| OursLabeling Ratio=5%2026.04 | 89.37 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.39 | — | 81.26 | 1.45 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| BCPLb=7, Unlb=632024.09 | 88.84 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1.17 | — | 80.62 | 3.98 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| BCPLabeling Ratio=10%2026.04 | 88.84 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1.17 | — | 80.62 | 3.98 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| ScribFormerData=scribbles2024.02 | 88.8 | 87.1 | — | 87.1 | — | 92.2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| ScribFormerBackbone=CNN+Trans, Data=scribbles2024.02 | 88.8 | 87.1 | — | 87.1 | — | 92.2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| DAUNetParams (M)=16.362026.02 | 88.73 | 85.44 | — | 86.69 | — | 94.05 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| UNETR2024.06 | 88.61 | 85.29 | — | 86.52 | — | 94.02 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| UNETRParams (M)=92.492026.02 | 88.61 | 85.29 | — | 86.52 | — | 94.02 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| UNETRParams (M)=92.492026.03 | 88.61 | 85.29 | — | 86.52 | — | 94.02 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| UNETR2026.03 | 88.61 | 85.29 | — | 86.52 | — | 94.02 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| CycleMix_FData=masks2024.02 | 88.6 | 85.8 | — | 88.2 | — | 91.9 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| TransCeptionParams(M)=47.32, FLOPs(G)=14.962024.01 | 88.47 | 87.88 | — | 82.87 | — | 94.66 | — | — | 1.78 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| ScribbleVCData=35 scribbles2023.07 | 88.4 | 87 | — | 86.6 | — | 91.4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| UAMTLabeled Scans=14, Unlabeled Scans=1262023.05 | 88.11 | 87.69 | 0.43 | 85.97 | 0.76 | 90.67 | 2.18 | 1.52 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| SSNetLabeled Scans=14, Unlabeled Scans=1262023.05 | 88.04 | 87.21 | 0.45 | 86 | 1.68 | 90.91 | 1.67 | 0.97 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| MTLabeled Scans=14, Unlabeled Scans=1262023.05 | 87.97 | 87.47 | 0.42 | 86.19 | 1.11 | 90.23 | 2.56 | 1.37 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| CCTLabeled Scans=14, Unlabeled Scans=1262023.05 | 87.88 | 87.97 | 0.45 | 86.07 | 1.3 | 89.6 | 3.38 | 1.71 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| TransUNetJ-RAS=false2025.10 | 87.61 | 86.76 | — | 84.18 | — | 91.9 | — | — | 1.6382 | — | — | 0.035 | 2.3897 | 1.2355 | 1.2894 | 2.14 | |
| BCPLabeling Ratio=5%2026.04 | 87.59 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.67 | — | 78.67 | 1.9 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| R50 ViTBackbone=ResNet-502024.06 | 87.57 | 86.07 | — | 81.88 | — | 94.75 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| R50-VIT-CUPParams (M)=86.002026.02 | 87.57 | 86.07 | — | 81.88 | — | 94.75 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| R50-ViTParams (M)=86.002026.03 | 87.57 | 86.07 | — | 81.88 | — | 94.75 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| R50 U-NetBackbone=ResNet-502024.06 | 87.55 | 87.1 | — | 80.63 | — | 94.92 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| R50+U-NetBackbone=ResNet-502026.03 | 87.55 | 87.1 | — | 80.63 | — | 94.92 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| UNETRData=35 masks2023.07 | 87.2 | 84.5 | — | 84.4 | — | 92.6 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| MC-Net+Lb=7, Unlb=632024.09 | 87.1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | — | 78.06 | 6.68 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| SegFormerJ-RAS=false2025.10 | 87.08 | 85.89 | — | 84.84 | — | 84.84 | — | — | 1.813 | — | — | 0.042 | 1.8215 | 2.003 | 1.6144 | 2.49 | |
| DMPLSBackbone=CNN, Data=scribbles2024.02 | 87 | 90.3 | — | 83.2 | — | 87.5 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| MISSFormerParams(M)=42.46, FLOPs(G)=7.252024.01 | 86.78 | 86.04 | — | 80.44 | — | 93.84 | — | — | 2.32 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| SS-NetLb=7, Unlb=632024.09 | 86.78 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1.4 | — | 77.67 | 6.07 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| SS-NetLabeling Ratio=10%2026.04 | 86.78 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1.4 | — | 77.67 | 6.07 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| R50 Att-UNetBackbone=ResNet-502024.06 | 86.75 | 87.58 | — | 79.2 | — | 93.47 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| R50+Att-UNetBackbone=ResNet-502026.03 | 86.75 | 87.58 | — | 79.2 | — | 93.47 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| SAM + J-RASJ-RAS=true, Top-k=22025.10 | 86.74 | 83.52 | — | 84.5 | — | 92.19 | — | — | 3.2344 | — | — | 0.042 | 4.3056 | 2.8576 | 2.54 | 4.77 | |
| MC-NetLabeling Ratio=10%2026.04 | 86.44 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1.84 | — | 77.04 | 5.5 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| UNetJ-RAS=false2025.10 | 85.88 | 86.88 | — | 79.91 | — | 90.84 | — | — | 2.279 | — | — | 0.04 | 3.1267 | 1.9004 | 1.8112 | 4.62 | |
| MC-NetLabeled Scans=14, Unlabeled Scans=1262023.05 | 85.24 | 82.69 | 0.96 | 84.15 | 1.66 | 88.86 | 3.66 | 2.09 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Clinical Threshold2026.03 | 85 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |