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Mathematical Reasoning on AQUA

85.05AccuracyOFA-MAS (fine-tuned)
51.728460.379269.0377.6808Apr 19, 2023Oct 21, 2023Apr 24, 2024Oct 27, 2024May 1, 2025Nov 3, 2025May 8, 2026

Evaluation results

MethodLinks
OFA-MAS (fine-tuned)Training protocol=One-for-All Topology Design (Fine-tuned)2026.0185.05—
EIB-LEARNERTraining protocol=Dataset-Specific Training2026.0183.49—
OFA-MAS (pre-trained)Training protocol=One-for-All Topology Design (Pre-trained)2026.0183.18—
RAPSNumber of agents=52026.0282.6—
G-designerTraining protocol=Dataset-Specific Training2026.0181.6—
Teaching-Inspired Integrated Prompting FrameworkModel=GPT-42024.1081.1—
AgentDropoutTraining protocol=Dataset-Specific Training2026.0180.94—
SoftCoTN (Number of reasoning chains)=10, Base Model=Qwen3-8B2025.0280.63—
AgentPruneTraining protocol=Dataset-Specific Training2026.0180.51—
Previous SoTA2024.1079.9—
GPT-4 + PHPPHP=true, Prompting Strategy=Complex CoT, Decoding Strategy=greedy2023.0479.92.2913
G-DesignerNumber of agents=52026.0279.4—
IoTModel=GPT-4o mini2026.0379.13—
AgentPruneNumber of agents=52026.0279.1—
AFlowNumber of agents=52026.0278.5—
GPTSwarmNumber of agents=52026.0278.2—
LLM-DebateAgent topology=Fixed Multi-Agent (LLM-Debate)2026.0177.65—
GPT-4PHP=false, Prompting Strategy=Complex CoT, Decoding Strategy=greedy2023.0477.5—
PuppeteerNumber of agents=52026.0277.5—
LLM-DebateNumber of agents=52026.0277.3—
GPT-42024.0576.9—
LLM-BlenderNumber of agents=52026.0276.9—
SCNumber of agents=12026.0276.8—
Zero-Shot CoTN (Number of reasoning chains)=10, Base Model=Qwen3-8B2025.0276.77—
Zero-Shot Assist-CoTN (Number of reasoning chains)=10, Base Model=Qwen3-8B2025.0276.77—
RandomAgent topology=Fixed Multi-Agent (Random)2026.0176.48—
CoTModel=GPT-42024.1076.4—
Previous SOTAPHP=false, Prompting Strategy=Complex CoT, Decoding Strategy=greedy2023.0476.4—
CoconutN (Number of reasoning chains)=10, Base Model=Qwen3-8B2025.0276.38—
MaASNumber of agents=52026.0276.2—
ComplexCoTNumber of agents=12026.0276.1—
AutoAgentsNumber of agents=52026.0275.7—
SC (CoT)Prompting strategy=Single-Agent Prompting2026.0175.63—
RandomNumber of agents=52026.0275.1—
SoftCoTN (Number of reasoning chains)=1, Base Model=Qwen3-8B2025.0275.04—
AbstRaLModel=Qwen2.5-Math-7B-Instruct, GSM Train Method=AbstRaL, Evaluation Protocol=Zero-shot2025.0674.8—
D-RPCStudent Model=Qwen 3 1.7B2026.0574.76—
CoTNumber of agents=12026.0274.7—
Ori-SFTModel=Qwen2.5-Math-7B-Instruct, GSM Train Method=Ori-SFT, Evaluation Protocol=Zero-shot2025.0674.4—
CoTModel=GPT-4o mini2026.0374.37—
ChainAgent topology=Fixed Multi-Agent (Chain)2026.0174.05—
TreeNumber of agents=52026.0273.9—
SCModel=Olmo-2-13B2026.0373.62—
CoTPrompting strategy=Single-Agent Prompting2026.0173.58—
CompleteAgent topology=Fixed Multi-Agent (Complete)2026.0172.95—
MAS-ZeroNumber of agents=52026.0272.9—
CoAModel=Qwen2.5-Math-7B-Instruct, GSM Train Method=CoA, Evaluation Protocol=Zero-shot2025.0672.8—
Vanilla IONumber of agents=1, Backbone=GPT-4o-mini2026.0271.3—
TreeAgent topology=Fixed Multi-Agent (Tree)2026.0171.23—
VanillaPrompting strategy=Direct Answer2026.0171.06—
Teaching-Inspired Integrated Prompting FrameworkModel=GPT-3.5-Turbo2024.1070.8—
IoTModel=Olmo-2-13B2026.0370.47—
ChainNumber of agents=52026.0270.4—
Zero-Shot Assist-CoTN (Number of reasoning chains)=1, Base Model=Qwen3-8B2025.0270.16—
Zero-Shot CoTN (Number of reasoning chains)=1, Base Model=Qwen3-8B2025.0270—
StarNumber of agents=52026.0269.6—
CoconutN (Number of reasoning chains)=1, Base Model=Qwen3-8B2025.0268.5—
D-RPCStudent Model=Llama 3.1 8B Instruct2026.0567.52—
CoTModel=Olmo-2-13B2026.0367.32—
SCModel=Olmo-2-7B2026.0366.54—
JiuZhang3.0Parameters=8x7B2024.0565.4—
CoT-RLModel=Qwen2.5-Math-7B-Instruct, GSM Train Method=CoT-RL, Evaluation Protocol=Zero-shot2025.0665.4—
Qwen-1.5Parameters=110B2024.0564.6—
CoTStudent Model=Llama 3.1 8B Instruct2026.0564.02—
IoTModel=Olmo-2-7B2026.0363.78—
SuperCorrectStudent Model=Qwen 3 1.7B2026.0563.78—
CoTModel=Olmo-2-7B2026.0362.99—
FreeformStudent Model=Qwen 3 1.7B2026.0562.99—
MAmmoTH2Parameters=7B, Variant=Plus2024.0562.2—
JiuZhang3.0Parameters=8B2024.0562.2—
IoTModel=Llama-3.3-8B2026.0361.81—
DCoTStudent Model=Llama 3.1 8B Instruct2026.0561.81—
DeepSeekMathParameters=7B, Variant=Instruct2024.0560.6—
CoTModel=GPT-3.5-Turbo2024.1060.6—
GPT-3.5 Turbo + PHPPHP=true, Prompting Strategy=Complex CoT, Decoding Strategy=greedy2023.0460.62.3228
FreeformStudent Model=Llama 3.1 8B Instruct2026.0560.39—
SGFTStudent Model=Llama 3.1 8B Instruct2026.0560.16—
CoTStudent Model=Qwen 3 1.7B2026.0559.92—
DCoTStudent Model=Qwen 3 1.7B2026.0559.65—
SuperCorrectStudent Model=Llama 3.1 8B Instruct2026.0559.45—
JiuZhang3.0Parameters=7B2024.0559.4—
Question-Analysis PromptingModel=GPT-3.5 Turbo, Word Count Constraint (n)=1502024.0759.4—
EoTModel=Olmo-2-13B2026.0358.23—
MAmmoTH2Parameters=8B, Variant=Plus2024.0557.5—
GPT-3.5 TurboPHP=false, Prompting Strategy=Complex CoT, Decoding Strategy=greedy2023.0457.4—
Take A Deep BreathModel=GPT-3.5 Turbo, Prompt=TADB2024.0757.1—
SCModel=Llama-3.3-8B2026.0357.09—
SoftCoTBackbone=LLaMA-3.1-8B-Instruct2025.0256.3—
MAmmoTH2Parameters=8x7B, Variant=Plus2024.0555.9—
Zero-Shot Assist-CoTBackbone=LLaMA-3.1-8B-Instruct2025.0255.83—
EoTModel=Olmo-2-7B2026.0355.82—
Zero-Shot CoT-UnkBackbone=LLaMA-3.1-8B-Instruct2025.0255.28—
Qwen-1.5Parameters=72B2024.0555.1—
CoTModel=Llama-3.3-8B2026.0354.72—
Zero-Shot CoTBackbone=LLaMA-3.1-8B-Instruct2025.0254.65—
ChatGPT2024.0553.9—
Question-Analysis PromptingModel=GPT-3.5 Turbo, Word Count Constraint (n)=1002024.0753.9—
CoconutBackbone=LLaMA-3.1-8B-Instruct2025.0253.15—
Chain-of-ThoughtModel=GPT-3.5 Turbo, Prompt=CoT2024.0753.1—
EoTModel=Llama-3.3-8B2026.0353.01—