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LLM Watermarking on LLM Output

1Substitution Rate[CG24]
0.950.97511.025Apr 13, 2026

Evaluation results

MethodLinks
[CG24]Assumptions=subexponential LPN2026.041——
[CG24]Assumptions=subexponential LPN + heuristic2026.041—1
Cor. 1Assumptions=subexponential LPN2026.0411—
Cor. 2Assumptions=subexponential LPN + heuristic2026.04111
Cor. 3Assumptions=PRC with adversarial sub.+del. robustness2026.04111
[GM24]Adv.?=✓, Assumptions=local weak PRFs2026.04——1
Cor. 4Adv.?=✓, Assumptions=permuted codes2026.04—1—