ResearchBenchmarksLarge-scale Optimization on OFP Very-HardFollow0.13Performance Gap (PG) MeanBIPC0.08960.36230.6350.9077Jun 19, 2026Evaluation ResultsMethodMethodLinksPerformance Gap (PG) MeanPerformance Gap (PG) Standard DeviationPerformance Gap (PG) WinsPerformance Index (PI) MeanPerformance Index (PI) Standard DeviationPerformance Index (PI) WinsBIPC2026.060.130.08791.160.2588PROPEL2026.060.780.45184.441.0212MIP2026.061.140.2538.111.120