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Language Modeling on WikiText-103 small setting (val)

31.8PerplexityDelta RNN
29.606444.413259.2274.0268Jun 11, 2021Mar 2, 2022Nov 22, 2022Aug 14, 2023May 5, 2024Jan 25, 2025Oct 17, 2025

Evaluation results

MethodLinks
Delta RNNSlow net=Feedforward, Update rule=delta, Fast net=RNN, Context truncation=Full context, #Prms=44.6M2021.0631.8
RDNSlow net=Recurrent, Update rule=delta, Fast net=Linear, Context truncation=Full context, #Prms=44.1M2021.0632.5
Delta LSTMSlow net=Feedforward, Update rule=delta, Fast net=LSTM, Context truncation=256 tokens, #Prms=47.3M2021.0632.6
TransformerContext truncation=256 tokens, #Prms=44.0M2021.0633
Delta RNNSlow net=Feedforward, Update rule=delta, Fast net=RNN, Context truncation=256 tokens, #Prms=44.6M2021.0633.8
Delta Delta NetSlow net=Feedforward, Update rule=delta, Fast net=Delta Net, Context truncation=256 tokens, #Prms=44.6M2021.0634
Delta NetSlow net=Feedforward, Update rule=delta, Fast net=Linear, Context truncation=256 tokens, #Prms=44.0M2021.0634.1
RDNSlow net=Recurrent, Update rule=delta, Fast net=Linear, Context truncation=256 tokens, #Prms=44.1M2021.0634.1
Delta MLPSlow net=Feedforward, Update rule=delta, Fast net=Deep MLP, Context truncation=256 tokens, #Prms=44.3M2021.0635.8
Linear TransformerSlow net=Feedforward, Update rule=sum, Fast net=Linear, Context truncation=256 tokens, #Prms=44.0M2021.0637.1
NAMEx-Full-MomParams=70M / 216M, Momentum=true2025.1082.44
NAMEx-MomParams=70M / 216M, Momentum=true2025.1082.63
NAMEx-FullParams=70M / 216M, Momentum=false2025.1082.85
EP-CAMEx-MomParams=70M / 216M, Momentum=true2025.1082.9
NAMExParams=70M / 216M, Momentum=false2025.1083.3
CAMExParams=70M / 216M2025.1083.53
EP-CAMExParams=70M / 216M, Momentum=false2025.1083.89
SMoE (Top-2)Params=70M / 216M2025.1084.26
SMEARParams=70M / 216M2025.1085.56
SMoE (Top-1)Params=70M / 216M2025.1086.64