ResearchBenchmarksInverse-problem estimation on Burgers equation 5% noiseInverse-problem estimation on Burgers equation 5% noiseFollow1.78Relative Viscosity ErrorPI-HPQNN1.6762.3783.083.782Jun 17, 2026Evaluation resultsMethodMethodLinksRelative Viscosity ErrorSolution Relative L2 ErrorPI-HPQNN2026.061.781.86FPINN2026.062.781.25PINN2026.063.39.94HQNN2026.064.381.59