Imputation on Semi-synthetic EHR dataset MNAR 80% (test)
1Mean Absolute Error (MAE)GPT-5.4
Evaluation results
| Method | Links | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GPT-5.4framework=LLM-driven evolutionary imputation2026.05 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 2.62 | |
| GPT-OSS-120bframework=LLM-driven evolutionary imputation2026.05 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2.5 | |
| MissForest2026.05 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 2.62 | |
| Qwen3.5-Plusframework=LLM-driven evolutionary imputation2026.05 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4.25 | |
| CausalCFM2026.05 | 5 | 5 | 2 | 6 | 1 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 4.62 | |
| LOCF2026.05 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 4.38 |