Image Compression on Kodak
-18.5BD-Rate (PSNR)HiDE
Evaluation results
| Method | Links | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HiDETotal Latency (ms)=134, Encoder Latency (ms)=66, Decoder Latency (ms)=68, Params (M)=134.9, GFLOPs=447.642026.03 | -18.5 | — | — | — | — | — | -56.49 | — | — | — | |
| DCAETotal Latency (ms)=128, Encoder Latency (ms)=63, Decoder Latency (ms)=65, Params (M)=119.4, GFLOPs=426.922026.03 | -16.83 | — | — | — | — | — | -55.66 | — | — | — | |
| LALICTotal Latency (ms)=210, Encoder Latency (ms)=143.9, Decoder Latency (ms)=66.1, Params (M)=66.13, GFLOPs=303.182026.03 | -15.49 | — | — | — | — | — | -54 | — | — | — | |
| LALICEnc(s)=0.274, Dec(s)=0.15, Mem(G)=0.841, FLOPs(G)=286.16, Params(M)=63.242025.02 | -15.26 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| MLIC++Total Latency (ms)=235.4, Encoder Latency (ms)=106.5, Decoder Latency (ms)=128.9, Params (M)=116.7, GFLOPs=615.932026.03 | -15.09 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| MLIC++Enc(s)=0.19, Dec(s)=0.268, Mem(G)=0.63, FLOPs(G)=443.17, Params(M)=83.272025.02 | -15.02 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| FTICTotal Latency (ms)=6846.6, Encoder Latency (ms)=1727.7, Decoder Latency (ms)=3391.9, Params (M)=69.78, GFLOPs=245.462026.03 | -14.84 | — | — | — | — | — | -54.3 | — | — | — | |
| FATEnc(s)=0.14, Dec(s)=10, Mem(G)=1.076, FLOPs(G)=245.46, Params(M)=69.782025.02 | -14.56 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| CCATotal Latency (ms)=110, Encoder Latency (ms)=72, Decoder Latency (ms)=38, Params (M)=64.9, GFLOPs=615.932026.03 | -13.84 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| MLIC++2023.07 | -13.39 | — | — | — | — | — | -53.63 | — | — | — | |
| MLIC+2026.03 | -13.19 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| FTIC2023.07 | -12.99 | — | — | — | — | — | -51.13 | — | — | — | |
| TCMTotal Latency (ms)=220, Encoder Latency (ms)=120, Decoder Latency (ms)=100, Params (M)=75.9, GFLOPs=700.652026.03 | -11.97 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| SwinT-Charm2023.07 | -11.73 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| TCM-largeEnc(s)=0.157, Dec(s)=0.151, Mem(G)=1.698, FLOPs(G)=700.66, Params(M)=75.92025.02 | -11.73 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Xie'212023.07 | -11.55 | — | — | — | — | — | -43.39 | — | — | — | |
| MLIC+2022.11 | -11.39 | — | — | — | — | — | -52.75 | — | — | — | |
| MLIC+2023.07 | -11.39 | — | — | — | — | — | -52.75 | — | — | — | |
| LLIC-TCM2023.07 | -10.94 | — | — | — | — | — | -49.73 | — | — | — | |
| QARV2023.07 | -10.31 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| LIC-TCM2023.07 | -10.14 | — | — | — | — | — | -48.94 | — | — | — | |
| Qian'212023.07 | -10.05 | — | — | — | — | — | -39.53 | — | — | — | |
| MambaVCEnc(s)=0.229, Dec(s)=0.222, Mem(G)=5.813, FLOPs(G)=393.37, Params(M)=47.882025.02 | -9.73 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| NeuralSyntax2023.07 | -8.97 | — | — | — | — | — | -39.56 | — | — | — | |
| MLIC2022.11 | -8.05 | — | — | — | — | — | -49.13 | — | — | — | |
| MLIC2023.07 | -8.05 | — | — | — | — | — | -49.13 | — | — | — | |
| Pan'222023.07 | -7.56 | — | — | — | — | — | -36.2 | — | — | — | |
| ELICEnc(s)=0.237, Dec(s)=0.12, Mem(G)=0.373, FLOPs(G)=332.42, Params(M)=33.292025.02 | -7.02 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| ELIC2022.11 | -5.95 | — | — | — | — | — | -44.6 | — | — | — | |
| ELIC2023.07 | -5.95 | — | — | — | — | — | -44.6 | — | — | — | |
| Contextformer2022.11 | -5.77 | — | — | — | — | — | -46.12 | — | — | — | |
| Contextformer2023.07 | -5.77 | — | — | — | — | — | -46.12 | — | — | — | |
| Cheng'202023.07 | -5.58 | — | — | — | — | — | -44.21 | — | — | — | |
| Entroformer2023.07 | -4.73 | — | — | — | — | — | -42.64 | — | — | — | |
| LBHIC2023.07 | -4.56 | — | — | — | — | — | -50.54 | — | — | — | |
| Guo'222023.07 | -4.45 | — | — | — | — | — | -45.23 | — | — | — | |
| Minnen'202023.07 | -3.23 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| WACNN2022.11 | -2.95 | — | — | — | — | — | -47.71 | — | — | — | |
| WACNN2023.07 | -2.95 | — | — | — | — | — | -47.71 | — | — | — | |
| STF2022.11 | -2.48 | — | — | — | — | — | -47.72 | — | — | — | |
| STF2023.07 | -2.48 | — | — | — | — | — | -47.72 | — | — | — | |
| SwinT-Charm2022.11 | -1.73 | — | — | — | — | — | -42.64 | — | — | — | |
| McQuic2022.11 | -1.57 | — | — | — | — | — | -47.94 | — | — | — | |
| McQuic2023.07 | -1.57 | — | — | — | — | — | -47.94 | — | — | — | |
| NVTC2023.07 | -1.04 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| VTM-17.0Mode=Intra2022.11 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | — | — | — | |
| VTM-17.0 Intra2023.07 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | — | — | — | |
| VTM-9.1Enc(s)=171.633, Dec(s)=0.1772025.02 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Minnen20Enc(s)=0.077, Dec(s)=0.101, Mem(G)=0.446, FLOPs(G)=208.95, Params(M)=41.772025.02 | 1.11 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Xie'212022.11 | 1.55 | — | — | — | — | — | -43.39 | — | — | — | |
| Minnen'202022.11 | 3.23 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Cheng20-ParallelEnc(s)=0.09, Dec(s)=0.042, Mem(G)=0.413, FLOPs(G)=369.7, Params(M)=24.522025.02 | 4.08 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Entroformer2022.11 | 4.73 | — | — | — | — | — | -42.64 | — | — | — | |
| Cheng'202022.11 | 5.58 | — | — | — | — | — | -44.21 | — | — | — | |
| Pan'222022.11 | 7.56 | — | — | — | — | — | -36.2 | — | — | — | |
| NeuralSyntax2022.11 | 8.97 | — | — | — | — | — | -39.56 | — | — | — | |
| Informer2022.11 | 10.01 | — | — | — | — | — | -39.25 | — | — | — | |
| Qian'212022.11 | 10.05 | — | — | — | — | — | -39.53 | — | — | — | |
| BSQViT2025.12 | — | 0.2812 | — | — | — | — | — | 27.785 | 0.9481 | — | |
| CCALatency (ms) Tot.=223, Latency (ms) Enc.=122, Latency (ms) Dec.=101, GFLOPs Enc.=277, GFLOPs Dec.=394, Params=64.9M2025.04 | — | — | — | — | — | -13.7 | — | — | — | — | |
| CCAParams (M)=64.89, FLOPs (T)=3.28, Enc-Lat. (s)=0.526, Dec-Lat. (s)=0.385, Peak-Mem. (G)=5.04, Resolution=2K2026.03 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -13.94 | |
| CCAParams (M)=64.99, Dec. (s/img)=0.0632025.11 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 18.3 | |
| Cheng'20Optimization Target=MSE2022.03 | — | 0.1281 | 4.577 | 0.161 | 3.542 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Cheng'20Optimization Target=MS-SSIM2022.03 | — | 0.1279 | 4.782 | 0.149 | 3.791 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| DCAELatency (ms) Tot.=193, Latency (ms) Enc.=93, Latency (ms) Dec.=100, GFLOPs Enc.=252, GFLOPs Dec.=305, Params=119.2M2025.04 | — | — | — | — | — | -17 | — | — | — | — | |
| DCAEParams (M)=119.22, FLOPs (T)=2.28, Enc-Lat. (s)=0.428, Dec-Lat. (s)=0.449, Peak-Mem. (G)=5.59, Resolution=2K2026.03 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -17.18 | |
| DLFEnc.(ms)=189.99, Dec.(ms)=247.30, FLOPs(G)=5809.71, Params(M)=1286.012026.05 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 20.63 | |
| EF-LICEnc.(ms)=17.62, Dec.(ms)=13.72, FLOPs(G)=279.61, Params(M)=35.742026.05 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -3.33 | |
| ELICLatency (ms) Tot.=210, Latency (ms) Enc.=91, Latency (ms) Dec.=119, GFLOPs Enc.=138, GFLOPs Dec.=233, Params=41.9M2025.04 | — | — | — | — | — | -7.1 | — | — | — | — | |
| ELICParams (M)=33.29, FLOPs (T)=1.74, Enc-Lat. (s)=0.583, Dec-Lat. (s)=0.335, Peak-Mem. (G)=1.50, Resolution=2K2026.03 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -5.95 | |
| FTICGFLOPs Enc.=127, GFLOPs Dec.=355, Params=71.0M2025.04 | — | — | — | — | — | -14.6 | — | — | — | — | |
| FTICParams (M)=69.78, FLOPs (T)=2.38, Enc-Lat. (s)=>10, Dec-Lat. (s)=>10, Peak-Mem. (G)=4.90, Resolution=2K2026.03 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -14.83 | |
| FTICParams (M)=70.96, Dec. (s/img)=0.0522025.11 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 19.15 | |
| GLCEnc.(ms)=34.75, Dec.(ms)=48.26, FLOPs(G)=2466.28, Params(M)=163.992026.05 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 21.5 | |
| GLICParams (M)=67.20, FLOPs (T)=2.48, Enc-Lat. (s)=0.617, Dec-Lat. (s)=0.395, Peak-Mem. (G)=5.46, Resolution=2K2026.03 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -19.29 | |
| HCFSSNetParams (M)=80.97, Dec. (s/img)=0.3262025.11 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 18.06 | |
| HPCMParams (M)=68.50, FLOPs (T)=2.00, Enc-Lat. (s)=0.532, Dec-Lat. (s)=0.498, Peak-Mem. (G)=5.89, Resolution=2K2026.03 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -16.13 | |
| InvCompressParams (M)=50.03, Dec. (s/img)=1.7582025.11 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 5.43 | |
| JPEG20002025.12 | — | 0.2986 | — | — | — | — | — | 29.192 | 0.9304 | — | |
| LALICParams (M)=63.24, FLOPs (T)=2.53, Enc-Lat. (s)=0.779, Dec-Lat. (s)=0.362, Peak-Mem. (G)=3.89, Resolution=2K2026.03 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -15.5 | |
| Liu et al.Total Latency (ms)=255, Encoder Latency (ms)=122, Decoder Latency (ms)=133, #Params=75.90M, FLOPS(G)=700.652024.10 | — | — | — | — | — | -0.1188 | — | — | — | — | |
| M2T2025.04 | — | — | — | — | — | -8.5 | — | — | — | — | |
| MAGVIT22025.12 | — | 0.2812 | — | — | — | — | — | 23.467 | 0.8452 | — | |
| MambaICParams (M)=157.09, FLOPs (T)=5.56, Enc-Lat. (s)=1.436, Dec-Lat. (s)=0.669, Peak-Mem. (G)=20.32, Resolution=2K2026.03 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -15.13 | |
| MambaICParams (M)=123.81, Dec. (s/img)=0.1772025.11 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 18.92 | |
| McQuicOptimization Target=MSE2022.03 | — | 0.1234 | 4.505 | 0.163 | 3.535 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| McQuicOptimization Target=MS-SSIM2022.03 | — | 0.1256 | 4.966 | 0.144 | 3.875 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| MLIC+2025.04 | — | — | — | — | — | -13.1 | — | — | — | — | |
| MLIC++Latency (ms) Tot.=772, Latency (ms) Enc.=362, Latency (ms) Dec.=410, GFLOPs Enc.=222, GFLOPs Dec.=300, Params=116.5M2025.04 | — | — | — | — | — | -15.1 | — | — | — | — | |
| MLIC++Params (M)=116.48, FLOPs (T)=2.64, Enc-Lat. (s)=0.508, Dec-Lat. (s)=0.547, Peak-Mem. (G)=2.08, Resolution=2K2026.03 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -15.14 | |
| MLIC++Params (M)=116.72, Dec. (s/img)=0.0212025.11 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 19.24 | |
| MT2025.04 | — | — | — | — | — | -12.5 | — | — | — | — | |
| OneDCEnc.(ms)=100.50, Dec.(ms)=235.03, FLOPs(G)=7142.91, Params(M)=1406.422026.05 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | |
| Ours (CCA-loss)Total Latency (ms)=201, Encoder Latency (ms)=109, Decoder Latency (ms)=92, #Params=64.89M, FLOPS(G)=615.932024.10 | — | — | — | — | — | -0.1387 | — | — | — | — | |
| StableCodecEnc.(ms)=100.18, Dec.(ms)=200.03, FLOPs(G)=6820.28, Params(M)=1065.812026.05 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 8.03 | |
| STFLatency (ms) Tot.=233, Latency (ms) Enc.=102, Latency (ms) Dec.=131, GFLOPs Enc.=143, GFLOPs Dec.=161, Params=99.8M2025.04 | — | — | — | — | — | -4.3 | — | — | — | — | |
| TCMLatency (ms) Tot.=293, Latency (ms) Enc.=142, Latency (ms) Dec.=151, GFLOPs Enc.=307, GFLOPs Dec.=441, Params=75.9M2025.04 | — | — | — | — | — | -11.8 | — | — | — | — | |
| TCMParams (M)=45.18, Dec. (s/img)=0.0352025.11 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 11.6 | |
| TCM-LParams (M)=75.89, FLOPs (T)=3.74, Enc-Lat. (s)=0.647, Dec-Lat. (s)=0.542, Peak-Mem. (G)=7.73, Resolution=2K2026.03 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -13.42 | |
| TCM-S + AdamArchitecture=TCM-S, Steps-to-Adam=1, Time-to-Adam=1, Training Conditions=1 × NVIDIA H100 GPU, 2 × Intel Xeon Platinum 8480+ CPU, 1TB RAM2026.01 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 |