Image Classification on Office-Caltech
0.989Average AccuracyFedOPT
Evaluation results
| Method | Links | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| FedOPTBackbone=CLIP+MLP2025.03 | 0.989 | 0.9826 | 0.9733 | 1 | 1 | 0.0133 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| FedDynBackbone=CLIP+MLP2025.03 | 0.9884 | 0.9861 | 0.9674 | 1 | 1 | 0.0154 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| FedAvgBackbone=CLIP+MLP2025.03 | 0.9875 | 0.9826 | 0.9674 | 1 | 1 | 0.0157 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| FedProtoBackbone=CLIP+MLP2025.03 | 0.9875 | 0.9826 | 0.9674 | 1 | 1 | 0.0157 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| MOONBackbone=CLIP+MLP2025.03 | 0.987 | 0.9861 | 0.9733 | 1 | 0.9888 | 0.0109 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| FedNTDBackbone=CLIP+MLP2025.03 | 0.9851 | 0.9792 | 0.9614 | 1 | 1 | 0.0186 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| GSM2026.01 | 0.982 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.895 | 1 | 0.96 | 0.959 | 0.962 | 0.946 | 0.895 | 0.924 | 0.941 | 0.958 | 1 | 0.939 | 0.951 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| GSM2026.01 | 0.982 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Multiview Image Transformation and Latent Space ConsistencyBackbone=ConvNeXt-B2026.01 | 0.9712 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.932 | 1 | 0.986 | 0.983 | 0.968 | 0.952 | 0.989 | 0.992 | 0.954 | 0.962 | 1 | 0.965 | 0.932 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| OURSBackbone=ConvNeXt-B, Learning rate=1×10-4, Batch size=4, Weight decay=1×10-4, Consistency loss weight (λ)=0.52026.01 | 0.9712 | — | — | — | — | — | 6 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| MSL2026.01 | 0.968 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.936 | 1 | 0.959 | 0.973 | 0.968 | 0.947 | 0.997 | 0.994 | 0.936 | 0.948 | 1 | 0.94 | 0.959 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| JGSA2026.01 | 0.962 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.939 | 1 | 0.951 | 0.976 | 0.968 | 0.939 | 0.962 | 0.962 | 0.951 | 0.959 | 1 | 0.94 | 0.963 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| PICCSCS2026.01 | 0.951 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.893 | 1 | 0.937 | 0.983 | 0.975 | 0.892 | 0.983 | 0.968 | 0.893 | 0.939 | 1 | 0.938 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| FedTGP + VPDRFramework=FedTGP, +LDP=VPDR2026.04 | 0.9504 | 0.9734 | 0.9661 | 0.8621 | 1 | 6.19 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| MPFT + VPDRFramework=MPFT, +LDP=VPDR2026.04 | 0.9471 | 0.9781 | 0.9415 | 0.8658 | 0.9831 | 5.83 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| SCAFFOLDBackbone=CLIP+MLP2025.03 | 0.9454 | 0.9618 | 0.9288 | 0.9583 | 0.9326 | 0.017 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| FPL + VPDRFramework=FPL, +LDP=VPDR2026.04 | 0.9368 | 0.9634 | 0.9372 | 0.8502 | 0.9965 | 6.36 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| MDDA2026.01 | 0.936 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.847 | 1 | 0.936 | 0.952 | 0.934 | 0.891 | 0.957 | 0.865 | 0.926 | 0.944 | 1 | 0.847 | 0.957 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| FedPLVM + VPDRFramework=FedPLVM, +LDP=VPDR2026.04 | 0.9338 | 0.973 | 0.9223 | 0.8476 | 0.9921 | 6.07 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| FedProto + VPDRFramework=FedProto, +LDP=VPDR2026.04 | 0.9336 | 0.9671 | 0.9355 | 0.8485 | 0.9832 | 6.01 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| FedTGP + IGPPFramework=FedTGP, +LDP=IGPP2026.04 | 0.9231 | 0.9634 | 0.9238 | 0.8397 | 0.9655 | 5.88 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| MPFT + IGPPFramework=MPFT, +LDP=IGPP2026.04 | 0.9223 | 0.9576 | 0.9252 | 0.8403 | 0.9661 | 5.74 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| RTN2026.01 | 0.922 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.846 | 1 | 0.937 | 0.969 | 0.942 | 0.881 | 0.955 | 0.866 | 0.925 | 0.95 | 1 | 0.846 | 0.948 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| FPL + IGPPFramework=FPL, +LDP=IGPP2026.04 | 0.914 | 0.9476 | 0.9236 | 0.8215 | 0.9631 | 6.37 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| FedPLVM + IGPPFramework=FedPLVM, +LDP=IGPP2026.04 | 0.9138 | 0.9561 | 0.9126 | 0.8205 | 0.9661 | 6.64 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| FedProto + IGPPFramework=FedProto, +LDP=IGPP2026.04 | 0.9082 | 0.9532 | 0.9107 | 0.8138 | 0.9551 | 6.62 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| FedPCL + VPDRFramework=FedPCL, +LDP=VPDR2026.04 | 0.9019 | 0.9633 | 0.9286 | 0.7497 | 0.9661 | 8.9 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| FedPCL + IGPPFramework=FedPCL, +LDP=IGPP2026.04 | 0.8679 | 0.9529 | 0.9241 | 0.6452 | 0.9492 | 13.53 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| FedProtoBackbone=Standard2025.03 | 0.8327 | 0.8779 | 0.7598 | 0.9 | 0.7931 | 0.067 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| FedOPTBackbone=Standard2025.03 | 0.7871 | 0.7905 | 0.7196 | 0.8934 | 0.7448 | 0.0767 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| MOONBackbone=Standard2025.03 | 0.7851 | 0.8442 | 0.7598 | 0.8467 | 0.6897 | 0.0753 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| FedDynBackbone=Standard2025.03 | 0.7572 | 0.8402 | 0.7259 | 0.7734 | 0.6897 | 0.065 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| FedAvgBackbone=Standard2025.03 | 0.7562 | 0.8199 | 0.7321 | 0.7937 | 0.6793 | 0.0631 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| FedHPro2026.05 | 0.6452 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.6461 | 0.6245 | 0.8069 | 0.5033 | 9.1 | |
| FedSAParameter-Prototype Exchange=true2026.05 | 0.6057 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.6223 | 0.5585 | 0.7913 | 0.4505 | 5.15 | |
| FedGMKD2026.05 | 0.5991 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.6178 | 0.5536 | 0.793 | 0.4322 | 4.49 | |
| FedTGPParameter-Prototype Exchange=true2026.05 | 0.5939 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.6125 | 0.5497 | 0.7879 | 0.4257 | 3.97 | |
| FedProtoParameter-Prototype Exchange=true2026.05 | 0.5826 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.6158 | 0.5321 | 0.7872 | 0.3953 | 2.84 | |
| SCAFFOLDBackbone=Standard2025.03 | 0.5775 | 0.3977 | 0.425 | 0.7802 | 0.7069 | 0.1944 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| FedProx2026.05 | 0.5662 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.6077 | 0.5083 | 0.7727 | 0.3761 | 1.2 | |
| FedRCL2026.05 | 0.5568 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.6029 | 0.5041 | 0.7454 | 0.3746 | 0.26 | |
| FedAvg2026.05 | 0.5542 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.6071 | 0.489 | 0.7579 | 0.3628 | — | |
| MOON2026.05 | 0.5279 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.5775 | 0.4608 | 0.7283 | 0.345 | -2.63 | |
| FedNTDBackbone=Standard2025.03 | 0.1171 | 0.1095 | 0.1089 | 0.1467 | 0.1034 | 0.0199 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |