Image Classification on ImageNet and 10 Target Datasets (zero-shot)
72.03ImageNet Accuracy (zero-shot)MMRL
Evaluation results
| Method | Links | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MMRL#Params=4.9M, ×PERL=817×, Evaluation Mode=zero-shot, Training Source=ImageNet2026.05 | 72.03 | 94.67 | 91.43 | 66.1 | 72.77 | 86.4 | 26.3 | 67.57 | 45.9 | 53.1 | 68.27 | 67.25 | 1.69 | |
| MMRL++#Params=813K, ×PERL=136×, Evaluation Mode=zero-shot, Training Source=ImageNet2026.05 | 71.87 | 94.63 | 91.43 | 66.6 | 73.53 | 86.73 | 26.07 | 67.77 | 46.13 | 53 | 69.03 | 67.49 | 1.93 | |
| CoOp#Params=2K, ×PERL=0.33×, Evaluation Mode=zero-shot, Training Source=ImageNet2026.05 | 71.51 | 93.7 | 89.14 | 64.51 | 68.71 | 85.3 | 18.47 | 64.15 | 41.92 | 46.39 | 66.55 | 63.88 | 1.68 | |
| TCP#Params=331K, ×PERL=55×, Evaluation Mode=zero-shot, Training Source=ImageNet2026.05 | 71.4 | 93.97 | 91.25 | 64.69 | 71.21 | 86.69 | 23.45 | 67.15 | 44.35 | 51.45 | 68.73 | 66.29 | 0.73 | |
| PromptSRC#Params=46K, ×PERL=8×, Evaluation Mode=zero-shot, Training Source=ImageNet2026.05 | 71.27 | 93.6 | 90.25 | 65.7 | 70.25 | 86.15 | 23.9 | 67.1 | 46.87 | 45.5 | 68.75 | 65.81 | 0.25 | |
| CoCoOp#Params=35K, ×PERL=6×, Evaluation Mode=zero-shot, Training Source=ImageNet2026.05 | 71.02 | 94.43 | 90.14 | 65.32 | 71.88 | 86.06 | 22.94 | 67.36 | 45.73 | 45.37 | 68.21 | 65.74 | 0.18 | |
| MMAC#Params=675K, ×PERL=113×, Evaluation Mode=zero-shot, Training Source=ImageNet2026.05 | 71 | 93.8 | 90.3 | 66.13 | 72.07 | 86.12 | 25.33 | 68.17 | 46.57 | 49.24 | 68.32 | 66.61 | 1.05 | |
| MaPLe#Params=3.5M, ×PERL=583×, Evaluation Mode=zero-shot, Training Source=ImageNet2026.05 | 70.72 | 93.53 | 90.49 | 65.57 | 72.23 | 86.2 | 24.74 | 67.01 | 46.49 | 48.06 | 68.69 | 66.3 | 0.74 | |
| KgCoOp#Params=2K, ×PERL=0.33×, Evaluation Mode=zero-shot, Training Source=ImageNet2026.05 | 70.66 | 93.7 | 89.83 | 65.41 | 70.01 | 86.36 | 22.51 | 66.16 | 46.35 | 46.04 | 68.5 | 65.96 | 0.4 | |
| PERL#Params=6K, ×PERL=1×, Evaluation Mode=zero-shot, Training Source=ImageNet2026.05 | 70.25 | 94.33 | 90.36 | 66.92 | 70.79 | 86.37 | 24.6 | 67.46 | 45.72 | 40.01 | 69.05 | 65.56 | — |