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Image Classification on ImageNet 1k (test)

91Top-1 AccuracyModel Soups
84.03285.84187.6589.459Mar 25, 2020Mar 23, 2021Mar 22, 2022Mar 21, 2023Mar 18, 2024Mar 17, 2025Mar 16, 2026

Evaluation results

MethodLinks
Model SoupsExtra Data=JFT-3B, Image Size=500^22022.0891——————————————————————————
CoCaExtra Data=JFT-3B, Image Size=576^22022.0891——————————————————————————
CoAtNet-7Extra Data=JFT-3B, Image Size=512^22022.0890.9——————————————————————————
ViT-GExtra Data=JFT-3B, Image Size=518^22022.0890.5——————————————————————————
SwinV2-GExtra Data=IN-22K-ext-70M, Image Size=640^22022.0890.2——————————————————————————
BEIT-3Extra Data=IN-21K, Image Size=336^22022.0889.6——————————————————————————
FD-CLIPExtra Data=IN-21K, Image Size=336^22022.0889——————————————————————————
NewtonEpsilon=inf, Epochs=10, Pretraining DS=JFT2022.1188.9——————————————————————————
MViTv2Extra Data=IN-21K, Image Size=512^22022.0888.8——————————————————————————
MaxViTExtra Data=IN-21K, Image Size=512^22022.0888.7——————————————————————————
BEITExtra Data=IN-21K, Image Size=512^22022.0888.6——————————————————————————
CoAtNet-4Extra Data=IN-21K, Image Size=512^22022.0888.6——————————————————————————
ViT L/16Pre-training Dataset=JFT 3B, Pretrain Resolution=224, Finetune Resolution=384, FLOPs (B)=191.52023.0488.5——————————————————————————
UNICOM (ViT L/14)Pre-training Dataset=LAION 400M, Pretrain Resolution=224, Finetune Resolution=518, FLOPs (B)=507.82023.0488.3——————————————————————————
ViT L/16Pre-training Dataset=IG 3.6B, Pretrain Resolution=224, Finetune Resolution=512, FLOPs (B)=362.92023.0488.1——————————————————————————
DP-FCEpsilon=8, Epochs=10, Pretraining DS=JFT2022.1188——————————————————————————
ViT L/16Pre-training Dataset=JFT 300M, Pretrain Resolution=224, Finetune Resolution=512, FLOPs (B)=362.92023.0487.8——————————————————————————
DP-FCEpsilon=4, Epochs=10, Pretraining DS=JFT2022.1187.7——————————————————————————
ViT L/14 OPEN-CLIPPre-training Dataset=LAION 400M, Pretrain Resolution=224, Finetune Resolution=518, FLOPs (B)=507.82023.0487.7——————————————————————————
DP-FCEpsilon=2, Epochs=10, Pretraining DS=JFT2022.1187.4——————————————————————————
CLIP (transfer setup)data=WIT-400M, epochs=32, model=L/14, protocol=fine-tune, image size=224, optimizer=SGD2022.1287.4——————————————————————————
Vanilla FTPre-trained=CLIP, Backbone=ViT-L, Protocol=Fine-Tuning2023.0387.24———————————————79.2583.250————————
TPGMPre-trained=CLIP, Backbone=ViT-L, Protocol=Proposed2023.0387———————————————79.8183.410.19————————
FLIPdata=LAION-400M, epochs=32, model=L/16, protocol=fine-tune, image size=2242022.1286.9——————————————————————————
MAESource=Reference [29]2023.0286.9——————————————————————————
DP-FCEpsilon=1, Epochs=10, Pretraining DS=JFT2022.1186.8——————————————————————————
MaxViT-LEval size=512, Params=212M, FLOPs=245.4G, Throughput (image/s)=17.82022.0486.7——————————————————————————
Previous SOTA (De et al., 2022)Epsilon=82022.1186.7——————————————————————————
MaxViT-BEval size=512, Params=120M, FLOPs=138.5G, Throughput (image/s)=24.02022.0486.66——————————————————————————
MaxViT-LEval size=384, Params=212M, FLOPs=133.1G, Throughput (image/s)=34.32022.0486.4——————————————————————————
MaxViT-BEval size=384, Params=120M, FLOPs=74.2G, Throughput (image/s)=45.82022.0486.34——————————————————————————
CLIP (our reproduction)data=LAION-400M, epochs=32, model=L/16, protocol=fine-tune, image size=2242022.1286.3——————————————————————————
OpenCLIPdata=LAION-400M, epochs=32, model=L/14, protocol=fine-tune, image size=2242022.1286.2——————————————————————————
MaxViT-SEval size=512, Params=69M, FLOPs=67.6G, Throughput (image/s)=43.32022.0486.19——————————————————————————
DP-FCEpsilon=0.5, Epochs=10, Pretraining DS=JFT2022.1186.1——————————————————————————
TPGM-CPre-trained=CLIP, Backbone=ViT-L, Protocol=Proposed (Controlled)2023.0386.02———————————————78.8382.43-0.99————————
CoAtNet-3Eval size=512, Params=168M, FLOPs=203.1G, Throughput (image/s)=22.42022.0486——————————————————————————
Previous SOTA (De et al., 2022)Epsilon=42022.1186——————————————————————————
MAEBackbone=ViT-L, # Params=307M, PT Epoch=1600, GPU Hours/Ep.=1.7, Total GPU Hours=2720, Resolution=224x2242023.0385.9——————————————————————————
UNICOM (ViT B/16)Pre-training Dataset=LAION 400M, Pretrain Resolution=224, Finetune Resolution=384, FLOPs (B)=55.62023.0485.9——————————————————————————
iFormer-L↑384#Param. (M)=87, FLOPs (G)=45.3, Input Size (Train)=224x224, Input Size (Test)=384x3842022.0585.8——————————————————————————
CoAtNet-3Eval size=384, Params=168M, FLOPs=107.4G, Throughput (image/s)=48.52022.0485.8——————————————————————————
LocalMIM-HOGBackbone=ViT-L, # Params=307M, PT Epoch=800, GPU Hours/Ep.=1, Total GPU Hours=800, Resolution=224x2242023.0385.8——————————————————————————
MaxViT-SEval size=384, Params=69M, FLOPs=36.1G, Throughput (image/s)=82.72022.0485.74——————————————————————————
MaxViT-TEval size=512, Params=31M, FLOPs=33.7G, Throughput (image/s)=63.82022.0485.72——————————————————————————
AutoAugment with Knowledge DistillationTeacher Network=EfficientNet-B7*, Student Network=EfficientNet-B82020.0385.7——————————————————————————
iFormer-B↑384#Param. (M)=48, FLOPs (G)=30.5, Input Size (Train)=224x224, Input Size (Test)=384x3842022.0585.7——————————————————————————
EfficientNetV2-L#Param. (M)=121, FLOPs (G)=53, Input Size (Train)=480x480, Input Size (Test)=480x4802022.0585.7——————————————————————————
CoAtNet-2↑384#Param. (M)=75, FLOPs (G)=49.8, Input Size (Train)=224x224, Input Size (Test)=384x3842022.0585.7——————————————————————————
GC ViT-LParam (M)=201, FLOPs (G)=32.6, Image Size=224^22022.0685.7——————————————————————————
Previous SOTA (De et al., 2022)Epsilon=22022.1185.6——————————————————————————
LocalMIM-HOGBackbone=Swin-L, # Params=197M, PT Epoch=800, GPU Hours/Ep.=1.6, Total GPU Hours=1280, Resolution=224x2242023.0385.6——————————————————————————
AutoAugment with Knowledge DistillationTeacher Network=EfficientNet-B7, Student Network=EfficientNet-B72020.0385.5——————————————————————————
AdvPropTeacher Network=EfficientNet-B7*, Student Network=EfficientNet-B82020.0385.5——————————————————————————
EfficientNet-L2Source=Reference [112]2023.0285.5——97.5———————————————————————
RandAugmentTeacher Network=EfficientNet-B7*, Student Network=EfficientNet-B82020.0385.4——————————————————————————
SimMIMBackbone=Swin-L, P-Size=192x192, EP-Size=192x1922022.0585.4——————————————————————————
CSwin-B↑384#Param. (M)=78, FLOPs (G)=47.0, Input Size (Train)=224x224, Input Size (Test)=384x3842022.0585.4——————————————————————————
CSwin-BEval size=384, Params=78M, FLOPs=47.0G2022.0485.4——————————————————————————
SimMIM192Backbone=Swin-L, # Params=197M, PT Epoch=800, GPU Hours/Ep.=3, Total GPU Hours=2400, Resolution=192x1922023.0385.4——————————————————————————
ViT B/16 OPEN-CLIPPre-training Dataset=LAION 400M, Pretrain Resolution=224, Finetune Resolution=384, FLOPs (B)=55.62023.0485.4——————————————————————————
BootlegArch=ViT-L/16, Pre-training Data=IN-1k, Pre-training Epochs=600, Fine-tuning Protocol=Full-FT, Training Data Percentage=100%2026.0385.4——————————————————————————
WISEPre-trained=CLIP, Backbone=ViT-L, Protocol=Weight Interpolation2023.0385.33———————————————78.581.92-1.6————————
UM-MAEBackbone=Swin-L, P-Size=256x256, EP-Size=128x1282022.0585.3——————————————————————————
ViTAEv2-B↑384#Param. (M)=90, FLOPs (G)=74.4, Input Size (Train)=224x224, Input Size (Test)=384x3842022.0585.3——————————————————————————
ViT B/16Pre-training Dataset=IG 3.6B, Pretrain Resolution=224, Finetune Resolution=384, FLOPs (B)=55.62023.0485.3——————————————————————————
MaxViT-TEval size=384, Params=31M, FLOPs=17.7G, Throughput (image/s)=121.92022.0485.24——————————————————————————
AdvPropTeacher Network=EfficientNet-B7, Student Network=EfficientNet-B72020.0385.2——————————————————————————
ViT L/16Pre-training Dataset=IN-21k, Pretrain Resolution=224, Finetune Resolution=384, FLOPs (B)=191.52023.0485.2——————————————————————————
MaxViT-LEval size=224, Params=212M, FLOPs=43.9G, Throughput (image/s)=99.42022.0485.17——————————————————————————
EfficientNetV2-M#Param. (M)=54, FLOPs (G)=25.0, Input Size (Train)=480x480, Input Size (Test)=480x4802022.0585.1——————————————————————————
CoAtNet-1↑384#Param. (M)=42, FLOPs (G)=27.4, Input Size (Train)=224x224, Input Size (Test)=384x3842022.0585.1——————————————————————————
EffNetV2-MEval size=480, Params=55M, FLOPs=24.0G, Throughput (image/s)=280.72022.0485.1——————————————————————————
GreenMIMBackbone=Swin-L, # Params=197M, PT Epoch=800, GPU Hours/Ep.=1.4, Total GPU Hours=1120, Resolution=224x2242023.0385.1——————————————————————————
MaxViT-LParam (M)=212, FLOPs (G)=43.9, Image Size=224^22022.0685.1——————————————————————————
RandAugmentTeacher Network=EfficientNet-B7, Student Network=EfficientNet-B72020.0385——————————————————————————
CSwin-S↑384#Param. (M)=35, FLOPs (G)=22.0, Input Size (Train)=224x224, Input Size (Test)=384x3842022.0585——————————————————————————
GC ViT-BParam (M)=90, FLOPs (G)=14.8, Image Size=224^22022.0685——————————————————————————
MaxViT-BEval size=224, Params=120M, FLOPs=23.4G, Throughput (image/s)=133.62022.0484.95——————————————————————————
RandAugment (reproduced)Teacher Network=EfficientNet-B7, Student Network=EfficientNet-B7, Implementation=PyTorch2020.0384.9——————————————————————————
MaxViT-BParam (M)=120, FLOPs (G)=74.2, Image Size=224^22022.0684.9——————————————————————————
AutoAugmentTeacher Network=EfficientNet-B7*, Student Network=EfficientNet-B82020.0384.8——————————————————————————
QnA-BaseParams=56M, GFLOPS=30.6, Throughput=177, Resolution=384x384, fine-tuned=true2021.1284.8——————————————————————————
GC ViT-S2Param (M)=68, FLOPs (G)=10.7, Image Size=224^22022.0684.8——————————————————————————
ViTAEv2-48M↑384#Param. (M)=49, FLOPs (G)=41.1, Input Size (Train)=224x224, Input Size (Test)=384x3842022.0584.7——————————————————————————
NFNet-F1Eval size=320, Params=132M, FLOPs=35.5G, Throughput (image/s)=228.52022.0484.7——————————————————————————
MAEArch=ViT-L/16, Pre-training Data=IN-1k, Pre-training Epochs=1600, Fine-tuning Protocol=Full-FT, Training Data Percentage=100%2026.0384.7——————————————————————————
iFormer-S↑384#Param. (M)=20, FLOPs (G)=16.1, Input Size (Train)=224x224, Input Size (Test)=384x3842022.0584.6——————————————————————————
SwinV2-BParam (M)=88, FLOPs (G)=15.1, Image Size=256^22022.0684.6——————————————————————————
AutoAugmentTeacher Network=EfficientNet-B7, Student Network=EfficientNet-B72020.0384.5——————————————————————————
Swin-BaseParams=88M, GFLOPS=47.0, Throughput=85, Resolution=384x384, fine-tuned=true2021.1284.5——————————————————————————
CaiT-M24Eval size=384, Params=186M, FLOPs=116.1G2022.0484.5——————————————————————————
Swin-BEval size=384, Params=88M, FLOPs=47.0G, Throughput (image/s)=84.72022.0484.5——————————————————————————
CoAtNet-3Eval size=224, Params=168M, FLOPs=34.7G, Throughput (image/s)=163.32022.0484.5——————————————————————————
PeCoBackbone=ViT-B, # Params=86M, PT Epoch=800, Resolution=224x2242023.0384.5——————————————————————————
CoAtNet-3Param (M)=168, FLOPs (G)=34.7, Image Size=224^22022.0684.5——————————————————————————
MaxViT-SEval size=224, Params=69M, FLOPs=11.7G, Throughput (image/s)=242.52022.0484.45——————————————————————————
Previous SOTA (De et al., 2022)Epsilon=12022.1184.4——————————————————————————
MaxViT-SParam (M)=69, FLOPs (G)=11.7, Image Size=224^22022.0684.4——————————————————————————
CSwin-T↑384#Param. (M)=23, FLOPs (G)=14.0, Input Size (Train)=224x224, Input Size (Test)=384x3842022.0584.3——————————————————————————