Image Classification on FMNIST (test accuracy)
99.1Test AccuracyCLoVE
Evaluation results
| Method | Links | |
|---|---|---|
| CLoVEData mixing=Label skew 12025.06 | 99.1 | |
| FlexCFLData mixing=Label skew 12025.06 | 99 | |
| Local-onlyData mixing=Label skew 12025.06 | 98.8 | |
| PACFLData mixing=Label skew 12025.06 | 98.7 | |
| FedProtoData mixing=Label skew 12025.06 | 98.6 | |
| FedALAData mixing=Label skew 12025.06 | 97.8 | |
| IFCAData mixing=Label skew 12025.06 | 97.8 | |
| Per-FedAvgData mixing=Label skew 12025.06 | 97 | |
| PA3Fedω=1.0, heterogeneity=standard2025.05 | 92.91 | |
| FedOptω=1.0, heterogeneity=standard2025.05 | 91.96 | |
| FedAFω=1.0, heterogeneity=standard2025.05 | 91.95 | |
| FedInitω=1.0, heterogeneity=standard2025.05 | 91.75 | |
| FedPACData mixing=Label skew 12025.06 | 91.7 | |
| pFedFDAω=1.0, heterogeneity=standard2025.05 | 91.66 | |
| DFRDω=1.0, heterogeneity=standard2025.05 | 91.51 | |
| TeacherArchitecture relationship=Teacher2026.04 | 90.9 | |
| Mosaicω=1.0, heterogeneity=standard2025.05 | 90.42 | |
| Mosaicω=1.0, heterogeneity=stronger2025.05 | 90.39 | |
| FedFTGω=1.0, heterogeneity=standard2025.05 | 90.36 | |
| FedKFDω=1.0, heterogeneity=standard2025.05 | 90.23 | |
| CLoVEData mixing=Label skew 22025.06 | 90.1 | |
| DENSEω=1.0, heterogeneity=standard2025.05 | 90.09 | |
| FedRSω=1.0, heterogeneity=standard2025.05 | 90.02 | |
| CLoVEData mixing=Label skew 42025.06 | 89.9 | |
| FedAvgω=1.0, heterogeneity=standard2025.05 | 89.89 | |
| FlexCFLData mixing=Label skew 42025.06 | 89.5 | |
| IFCAData mixing=Label skew 42025.06 | 89.4 | |
| IFCAData mixing=Label skew 22025.06 | 89.4 | |
| DBPTTModel variant=DBPTT2026.05 | 89.29 | |
| KAFALModel=G, L, labeled-data ratio=45%, alpha=100, rho=202026.03 | 88.9 | |
| FairFALModel=G, L, labeled-data ratio=45%, alpha=100, rho=202026.03 | 88.9 | |
| EntropyModel=L, labeled-data ratio=45%, alpha=100, rho=202026.03 | 88.8 | |
| FedAvgData mixing=Label skew 32025.06 | 88.8 | |
| FlexCFLData mixing=Label skew 22025.06 | 88.7 | |
| Student-FullArchitecture relationship=Full2026.04 | 88.68 | |
| LoGoModel=G, L, labeled-data ratio=45%, alpha=100, rho=202026.03 | 88.65 | |
| LCModel=L, labeled-data ratio=45%, alpha=100, rho=202026.03 | 88.64 | |
| MarginModel=L, labeled-data ratio=45%, alpha=100, rho=202026.03 | 88.61 | |
| KAFALModel=G, L, labeled-data ratio=35%, alpha=100, rho=202026.03 | 88.6 | |
| BADGEModel=L, labeled-data ratio=45%, alpha=100, rho=202026.03 | 88.58 | |
| DEPModel variant=DEP2026.05 | 88.52 | |
| EntropyModel=L, labeled-data ratio=35%, alpha=100, rho=202026.03 | 88.5 | |
| BADGEModel=G, labeled-data ratio=45%, alpha=100, rho=202026.03 | 88.5 | |
| EntropyModel=G, labeled-data ratio=45%, alpha=100, rho=202026.03 | 88.46 | |
| LoGoModel=G, L, labeled-data ratio=35%, alpha=100, rho=202026.03 | 88.45 | |
| LCModel=G, labeled-data ratio=45%, alpha=100, rho=202026.03 | 88.43 | |
| FairFALModel=G, L, labeled-data ratio=35%, alpha=100, rho=202026.03 | 88.43 | |
| BADGEModel=L, labeled-data ratio=35%, alpha=100, rho=202026.03 | 88.4 | |
| MarginModel=G, labeled-data ratio=45%, alpha=100, rho=202026.03 | 88.38 | |
| LCModel=L, labeled-data ratio=35%, alpha=100, rho=202026.03 | 88.33 | |
| MarginModel=L, labeled-data ratio=35%, alpha=100, rho=202026.03 | 88.29 | |
| GCNALModel=G, labeled-data ratio=45%, alpha=100, rho=202026.03 | 88.27 | |
| CoresetModel=G, labeled-data ratio=45%, alpha=100, rho=202026.03 | 88.23 | |
| CFL-SData mixing=Label skew 42025.06 | 88.2 | |
| MarginModel=G, labeled-data ratio=35%, alpha=100, rho=202026.03 | 88.18 | |
| BADGEModel=G, labeled-data ratio=35%, alpha=100, rho=202026.03 | 88.15 | |
| ALFA-MixModel=G, labeled-data ratio=45%, alpha=100, rho=202026.03 | 88.15 | |
| EntropyModel=G, labeled-data ratio=35%, alpha=100, rho=202026.03 | 88.14 | |
| LCModel=G, labeled-data ratio=35%, alpha=100, rho=202026.03 | 88.04 | |
| CoresetModel=G, labeled-data ratio=35%, alpha=100, rho=202026.03 | 87.98 | |
| CoresetModel=L, labeled-data ratio=45%, alpha=100, rho=202026.03 | 87.96 | |
| GCNALModel=L, labeled-data ratio=45%, alpha=100, rho=202026.03 | 87.85 | |
| ALFA-MixModel=L, labeled-data ratio=45%, alpha=100, rho=202026.03 | 87.81 | |
| ALFA-MixModel=G, labeled-data ratio=35%, alpha=100, rho=202026.03 | 87.78 | |
| KAFALModel=G, L, labeled-data ratio=25%, alpha=100, rho=202026.03 | 87.73 | |
| GCNALModel=G, labeled-data ratio=35%, alpha=100, rho=202026.03 | 87.7 | |
| LoGoModel=G, L, labeled-data ratio=25%, alpha=100, rho=202026.03 | 87.67 | |
| DivBFKDArchitecture relationship=Same, Knowledge Distillation access type=Black-box, Real image budget (N)=2 K, Synthetic image budget (M)=48 K2026.04 | 87.65 | |
| ALFA-MixModel=L, labeled-data ratio=35%, alpha=100, rho=202026.03 | 87.62 | |
| GCNALModel=L, labeled-data ratio=35%, alpha=100, rho=202026.03 | 87.53 | |
| FairFALModel=G, L, labeled-data ratio=25%, alpha=100, rho=202026.03 | 87.48 | |
| BADGEModel=L, labeled-data ratio=25%, alpha=100, rho=202026.03 | 87.43 | |
| MarginModel=L, labeled-data ratio=25%, alpha=100, rho=202026.03 | 87.39 | |
| FairFALModel=G, L, Labeled Data Ratio=45%2026.03 | 87.37 | |
| EntropyModel=L, labeled-data ratio=25%, alpha=100, rho=202026.03 | 87.34 | |
| BADGEModel=G, labeled-data ratio=25%, alpha=100, rho=202026.03 | 87.32 | |
| FedALAData mixing=Label skew 42025.06 | 87.3 | |
| RandomModel=–, labeled-data ratio=45%, alpha=100, rho=202026.03 | 87.29 | |
| EntropyModel=G, labeled-data ratio=25%, alpha=100, rho=202026.03 | 87.28 | |
| LCModel=L, labeled-data ratio=25%, alpha=100, rho=202026.03 | 87.25 | |
| CoresetModel=L, labeled-data ratio=35%, alpha=100, rho=202026.03 | 87.25 | |
| CFL-SData mixing=Label skew 22025.06 | 87.2 | |
| LCModel=L, Labeled Data Ratio=45%2026.03 | 87.19 | |
| FairFALModel=G, L, Labeled Data Ratio=35%2026.03 | 87.18 | |
| EntropyModel=L, Labeled Data Ratio=45%2026.03 | 87.06 | |
| LCModel=G, labeled-data ratio=25%, alpha=100, rho=202026.03 | 87.06 | |
| KAFALModel=G, L, Labeled Data Ratio=45%2026.03 | 87.05 | |
| MarginModel=L, Labeled Data Ratio=45%2026.03 | 87.04 | |
| KAFALModel=G, L, Labeled Data Ratio=35%2026.03 | 87.04 | |
| LoGoModel=G, L, Labeled Data Ratio=45%2026.03 | 86.98 | |
| BADGEModel=L, Labeled Data Ratio=35%2026.03 | 86.95 | |
| BADGEModel=L, Labeled Data Ratio=45%2026.03 | 86.94 | |
| MarginModel=G, labeled-data ratio=25%, alpha=100, rho=202026.03 | 86.92 | |
| ALFA-MixModel=G, labeled-data ratio=25%, alpha=100, rho=202026.03 | 86.86 | |
| LCModel=L, Labeled Data Ratio=35%2026.03 | 86.82 | |
| CoresetModel=G, Labeled Data Ratio=45%2026.03 | 86.8 | |
| IFALModel=G, L, Labeled Data Ratio=45%2026.03 | 86.8 | |
| EntropyModel=L, Labeled Data Ratio=35%2026.03 | 86.76 | |
| MarginModel=L, Labeled Data Ratio=35%2026.03 | 86.76 | |
| RandomModel=–, labeled-data ratio=35%, alpha=100, rho=202026.03 | 86.76 |