Image Classification on FGVC
92.21AccuracyBPT + PAE
Evaluation results
| Method | Links | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| BPT + PAEBackbone=ViT-Base/16, Pre-trained=supervised ImageNet-21k, Speedup(x)=1.372026.01 | 92.21 | — | |
| VFPT + PAEBackbone=ViT-Base/16, Pre-trained=supervised ImageNet-21k, Speedup(x)=1.272026.01 | 91.48 | — | |
| Full-TuneArchitecture=ViT-L/16, Data Setting=Full-Data, Param. #=304.33, Memory=41.5, Time=520, Throughput=79.582026.04 | 91.43 | — | |
| Full-TuneBackbone=ViT-Large/16, Data Setting=Full-Data, Param. #=304.33, Memory=41.5, Time=520, Throughput=79.582026.04 | 91.43 | — | |
| LPT + PAEBackbone=ViT-Base/16, Pre-trained=supervised ImageNet-21k, Speedup(x)=1.442026.01 | 91.32 | — | |
| SA2VP + PAEBackbone=ViT-Base/16, Pre-trained=supervised ImageNet-21k, Speedup(x)=1.602026.01 | 91.2 | — | |
| ProVP + PAEBackbone=ViT-Base/16, Pre-trained=supervised ImageNet-21k, Speedup(x)=1.192026.01 | 91.18 | — | |
| VPT + PAEBackbone=ViT-Base/16, Pre-trained=supervised ImageNet-21k, Speedup(x)=1.782026.01 | 91.02 | — | |
| E2VPT + PAEBackbone=ViT-Base/16, Pre-trained=supervised ImageNet-21k, Speedup(x)=1.652026.01 | 90.96 | — | |
| BPTBackbone=ViT-Base/16, Pre-trained=supervised ImageNet-21k2026.01 | 90.86 | — | |
| VQT + PAEBackbone=ViT-Base/16, Pre-trained=supervised ImageNet-21k, Speedup(x)=1.522026.01 | 90.62 | — | |
| SA2VPBackbone=ViT-Base/16, Pre-trained=supervised ImageNet-21k2026.01 | 90.08 | — | |
| LPTBackbone=ViT-Base/16, Pre-trained=supervised ImageNet-21k2026.01 | 89.94 | — | |
| E2VPTArchitecture=ViT-L/16, Data Setting=Full-Data, Param. #=1.21, Memory=33.4, Time=369, Throughput=52.322026.04 | 89.93 | — | |
| ProVPBackbone=ViT-Base/16, Pre-trained=supervised ImageNet-21k2026.01 | 89.56 | — | |
| VQTBackbone=ViT-Base/16, Pre-trained=supervised ImageNet-21k2026.01 | 89.41 | — | |
| VFPTBackbone=ViT-Base/16, Pre-trained=supervised ImageNet-21k2026.01 | 89.24 | — | |
| E2VPTBackbone=ViT-Base/16, Pre-trained=supervised ImageNet-21k2026.01 | 89.22 | — | |
| AdapterFormerArchitecture=ViT-L/16, Data Setting=Full-Data, Param. #=0.65, Memory=32.3, Time=289, Throughput=23.692026.04 | 89.18 | — | |
| AdapterFormerBackbone=ViT-Large/16, Data Setting=Full-Data, Param. #=0.65, Memory=32.3, Time=289, Throughput=23.692026.04 | 89.18 | — | |
| VPTBackbone=ViT-Base/16, Pre-trained=supervised ImageNet-21k2026.01 | 89.11 | — | |
| Full Fine-tuneBackbone=ViT-Base/16, Pre-trained=supervised ImageNet-21k2026.01 | 88.54 | — | |
| SSFArchitecture=ViT-L/16, Data Setting=Full-Data, Param. #=0.48, Memory=34.7, Time=299, Throughput=79.492026.04 | 87.32 | — | |
| SSFBackbone=ViT-Large/16, Data Setting=Full-Data, Param. #=0.48, Memory=34.7, Time=299, Throughput=79.492026.04 | 87.32 | — | |
| AdapterArchitecture=ViT-L/16, Data Setting=Full-Data, Param. #=2.17, Memory=32.4, Time=357, Throughput=63.392026.04 | 87.06 | — | |
| AdapterBackbone=ViT-Large/16, Data Setting=Full-Data, Param. #=2.17, Memory=32.4, Time=357, Throughput=63.392026.04 | 87.06 | — | |
| LoRAArchitecture=ViT-L/16, Data Setting=Full-Data, Param. #=1.00, Memory=33.1, Time=363, Throughput=79.432026.04 | 86.87 | — | |
| LoRABackbone=ViT-Large/16, Data Setting=Full-Data, Param. #=1.00, Memory=33.1, Time=363, Throughput=79.432026.04 | 86.87 | — | |
| VPTArchitecture=ViT-L/16, Data Setting=Full-Data, Param. #=0.25, Memory=33.7, Time=334, Throughput=76.352026.04 | 86.34 | — | |
| GateVPTArchitecture=ViT-L/16, Data Setting=Full-Data, Param. #=3.14, Memory=34.9, Time=395, Throughput=61.342026.04 | 86.31 | — | |
| VPTBackbone=ViT-Large/16, Data Setting=Full-Data, Param. #=1.24, Memory=38.6, Time=397, Throughput=72.842026.04 | 86.05 | — | |
| BiasArchitecture=ViT-L/16, Data Setting=Full-Data, Param. #=0.29, Memory=32.9, Time=297, Throughput=79.432026.04 | 85.32 | — | |
| BiasBackbone=ViT-Large/16, Data Setting=Full-Data, Param. #=0.29, Memory=32.9, Time=297, Throughput=79.482026.04 | 85.32 | — | |
| APArchitecture=ViT-L/16, Data Setting=Full-Data, Param. #=0.16, Memory=31.6, Time=262, Throughput=79.432026.04 | 85.3 | — | |
| APBackbone=ViT-Large/16, Data Setting=Full-Data, Param. #=0.16, Memory=31.6, Time=262, Throughput=79.432026.04 | 85.3 | — | |
| IndividualBackbone=DeiT-S2022.03 | 82.69 | — | |
| Linear-ProbeArchitecture=ViT-L/16, Data Setting=Full-Data, Param. #=0.01, Memory=9.7, Time=121, Throughput=79.642026.04 | 82.23 | — | |
| Linear-ProbeBackbone=ViT-Large/16, Data Setting=Full-Data, Param. #=0.01, Memory=9.7, Time=121, Throughput=79.642026.04 | 82.23 | — | |
| HACEArchitecture=ResNet-50, Evaluation Protocol=End-to-end training, Aggregation Strategy=Best across all dilution values d in {0.2, 0.5, 0.7} and LR pairings2026.05 | 80.62 | — | |
| HACEArchitecture=ResNet-18, Evaluation Protocol=End-to-end training, Aggregation Strategy=Best across all dilution values d in {0.2, 0.5, 0.7} and LR pairings2026.05 | 78.88 | — | |
| SCEArchitecture=ResNet-34, Evaluation Protocol=End-to-end training, Aggregation Strategy=Best across all dilution values d in {0.2, 0.5, 0.7} and LR pairings2026.05 | 77.74 | — | |
| HACEArchitecture=ResNet-34, Evaluation Protocol=End-to-end training, Aggregation Strategy=Best across all dilution values d in {0.2, 0.5, 0.7} and LR pairings2026.05 | 77.32 | — | |
| IndividualBackbone=DeiT-Ti2022.03 | 70 | — | |
| SCEArchitecture=ResNet-50, Evaluation Protocol=End-to-end training, Aggregation Strategy=Best across all dilution values d in {0.2, 0.5, 0.7} and LR pairings2026.05 | 69.88 | — | |
| SCEArchitecture=ResNet-18, Evaluation Protocol=End-to-end training, Aggregation Strategy=Best across all dilution values d in {0.2, 0.5, 0.7} and LR pairings2026.05 | 68.29 | — | |
| FFBackbone=ViT-Large, Method=FF, # Params=303.3M2026.05 | 68.25 | — | |
| MEATBackbone=DeiT-S2022.03 | 65.69 | — | |
| SEBackbone=ViT-B/16, Text prompt ensembles=true2026.07 | 65.49 | — | |
| TPSBackbone=ViT-B/16, Text prompt ensembles=true2026.07 | 65.31 | — | |
| RLCFOptim.=true, Backbone=ViT-B/16, Initialization=CoOp2026.07 | 65 | — | |
| USEOptim.=true, Backbone=ViT-B/16, Initialization=CoOp2026.07 | 64.92 | — | |
| TPTOptim.=true, Backbone=ViT-B/16, Initialization=CoOp2026.07 | 64.78 | — | |
| ZEROBackbone=ViT-B/16, Text prompt ensembles=true2026.07 | 64.7 | — | |
| SEOptim.=false, Backbone=ViT-B/16, Initialization=CoOp2026.07 | 64.57 | — | |
| CLIPBackbone=ViT-B/16, Text prompt ensembles=true2026.07 | 64.5 | — | |
| STSBackbone=ViT-B/16, Text prompt ensembles=true2026.07 | 64.4 | — | |
| TPSOptim.=true, Backbone=ViT-B/16, Initialization=CoOp2026.07 | 64.34 | — | |
| C-TPTOptim.=true, Backbone=ViT-B/16, Initialization=CoOp2026.07 | 64.3 | — | |
| MTAOptim.=false, Backbone=ViT-B/16, Initialization=CoOp2026.07 | 64.14 | — | |
| IndividualBackbone=T2T-ViT-122022.03 | 64.09 | — | |
| R-TPTOptim.=true, Backbone=ViT-B/16, Initialization=CoOp2026.07 | 64.06 | — | |
| TTLOptim.=true, Backbone=ViT-B/16, Initialization=CoOp2026.07 | 63.99 | — | |
| ZEROOptim.=false, Backbone=ViT-B/16, Initialization=CoOp2026.07 | 63.81 | — | |
| STSOptim.=true, Backbone=ViT-B/16, Initialization=CoOp2026.07 | 63.3 | — | |
| CoOpOptim.=false, Backbone=ViT-B/16, Initialization=CoOp2026.07 | 63.27 | — | |
| HATBackbone=DeiT-S2022.03 | 62.99 | — | |
| GPartBackbone=ViT-Large, Method=GPart (Ours), # Params=144K2026.05 | 61.48 | — | |
| PiggybackBackbone=DeiT-S2022.03 | 60.04 | — | |
| HACEEvaluation Protocol=Linear probing, Backbone=DINOv2-Large, Label Smoothing Condition=Soft label, Beta=302026.05 | 58.99 | — | |
| HACEEvaluation Protocol=Linear probing, Backbone=DINOv2-Large, Label Smoothing Condition=No label smooth.2026.05 | 58.97 | — | |
| HACEEvaluation Protocol=Linear probing, Backbone=DINOv2-Large, Label Smoothing Condition=Soft label, Beta=102026.05 | 58.9 | — | |
| Uni-LoRABackbone=ViT-Large, Method=Uni-LoRA, # Params=144K2026.05 | 58.89 | — | |
| HACEEvaluation Protocol=Linear probing, Backbone=DINOv2-Large, Label Smoothing Condition=Label smooth.2026.05 | 58.7 | — | |
| Adaptor-BBackbone=DeiT-S2022.03 | 57.04 | — | |
| GPartBackbone=ViT-Base, Method=GPart (Ours), # Params=72K2026.05 | 56.84 | — | |
| LwFBackbone=DeiT-S2022.03 | 55.99 | — | |
| FFBackbone=ViT-Base, Method=FF, # Params=85.8M2026.05 | 54.84 | — | |
| SCEEvaluation Protocol=Linear probing, Backbone=DINOv2-Large, Label Smoothing Condition=Soft label, Beta=302026.05 | 54.1 | — | |
| SCEEvaluation Protocol=Linear probing, Backbone=DINOv2-Large, Label Smoothing Condition=No label smooth.2026.05 | 53.91 | — | |
| SCEEvaluation Protocol=Linear probing, Backbone=DINOv2-Large, Label Smoothing Condition=Soft label, Beta=102026.05 | 53.83 | — | |
| MEATBackbone=T2T-ViT-122022.03 | 53.55 | — | |
| SCEEvaluation Protocol=Linear probing, Backbone=DINOv2-Large, Label Smoothing Condition=Label smooth.2026.05 | 53.4 | — | |
| MEATBackbone=DeiT-Ti2022.03 | 52.69 | — | |
| HATBackbone=T2T-ViT-122022.03 | 52.69 | — | |
| PiggybackBackbone=T2T-ViT-122022.03 | 51.47 | — | |
| FourierFTBackbone=ViT-Large, Method=FourierFT, # Params=480K2026.05 | 51.28 | — | |
| Uni-LoRABackbone=ViT-Base, Method=Uni-LoRA, # Params=72K2026.05 | 50.36 | — | |
| HXEEvaluation Protocol=Linear probing, Backbone=DINOv2-Large, Alpha=0.22026.05 | 49.81 | — | |
| Adaptor-BBackbone=T2T-ViT-122022.03 | 48.02 | — | |
| HATBackbone=DeiT-Ti2022.03 | 46.71 | — | |
| PiggybackBackbone=DeiT-Ti2022.03 | 45.58 | — | |
| HACEArchitecture=Swin-T, Evaluation Protocol=End-to-end training, Aggregation Strategy=Best across all dilution values d in {0.2, 0.5, 0.7} and LR pairings2026.05 | 44.34 | — | |
| HXEEvaluation Protocol=Linear probing, Backbone=DINOv2-Large, Alpha=0.52026.05 | 42.9 | — | |
| LwFBackbone=T2T-ViT-122022.03 | 42.07 | — | |
| Adaptor-BBackbone=DeiT-Ti2022.03 | 41.28 | — | |
| FourierFTBackbone=ViT-Large, Method=FourierFT, # Params=144K2026.05 | 39.92 | — | |
| LwFBackbone=DeiT-Ti2022.03 | 38.87 | — | |
| HACEArchitecture=ConvNeXt-T, Evaluation Protocol=End-to-end training, Aggregation Strategy=Best across all dilution values d in {0.2, 0.5, 0.7} and LR pairings2026.05 | 38.82 | — | |
| SCEArchitecture=Swin-T, Evaluation Protocol=End-to-end training, Aggregation Strategy=Best across all dilution values d in {0.2, 0.5, 0.7} and LR pairings2026.05 | 38.16 | — | |
| GPUA*Samples per class=162026.06 | 34.7 | — |