Image Classification on CIFAR100-C 1.0 (test)
59.4Avg AccSoTTA
Evaluation results
| Method | Links | ||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SoTTABatch Size=64, Memory Size=64, TTA Type=Online2023.10 | 59.4 | 60.5 | 57.1 | 59 | 61.9 | 58.6 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| ROTTABatch Size=64, Memory Size=64, TTA Type=Online2023.10 | 49.6 | 48.7 | 49.4 | 49.8 | 51.5 | 48.3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| SARBatch Size=64, TTA Type=Online2023.10 | 47.3 | 57.3 | 55.4 | 51.2 | 34.4 | 38.1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| COTTABatch Size=64, TTA Type=Online2023.10 | 42.6 | 55.8 | 50 | 42.4 | 37.2 | 27.3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| PLBatch Size=64, TTA Type=Online2023.10 | 42.1 | 56.6 | 48 | 42.8 | 39 | 23.8 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| BN StatsBatch Size=64, TTA Type=Online2023.10 | 41.8 | 53.7 | 50.8 | 46.8 | 29.2 | 28.3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| EATA2026.02 | 40.56 | 72.08 | — | — | — | — | 21.45 | 24.51 | 28.43 | 48.71 | 15.76 | 48.59 | 53.65 | 53.86 | 52 | 50.38 | 63.95 | 47.89 | 31.53 | 31.15 | 36.52 | — | |
| LQAadaptation_strategy=Quantized-Adaptive2026.02 | 40.44 | 69.66 | — | — | — | — | 24.13 | 26.02 | 32.89 | 45.28 | 21.57 | 44.58 | 50.5 | 49.68 | 51.58 | 43.03 | 59.03 | 37.08 | 29.65 | 28 | 34.31 | — | |
| TENTBatch Size=64, TTA Type=Online2023.10 | 39.5 | 59.5 | 46.4 | 40 | 31.9 | 20 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| TDA2026.02 | 38.5 | 69.88 | — | — | — | — | 24.01 | 25.99 | 32.37 | 45.34 | 21.61 | 44.52 | 50.15 | 49.45 | 51.4 | 42.94 | 59.24 | 36.78 | 30.42 | 28.34 | 34.92 | — | |
| LQA-Liteadaptation_strategy=Lightweight Quantized-Adaptive2026.02 | 38.48 | 67.79 | — | — | — | — | 20.01 | 21.87 | 29.19 | 44.53 | 22.19 | 42.18 | 48.93 | 47.21 | 47.98 | 41.51 | 56.77 | 35.88 | 30.63 | 25.91 | 33.17 | — | |
| SAR2026.02 | 38.43 | 70.97 | — | — | — | — | 18.67 | 20.53 | 23.99 | 47.04 | 14.36 | 46.86 | 51.58 | 51.65 | 50.66 | 49.41 | 62.4 | 44.41 | 30.27 | 30.26 | 34.37 | — | |
| SourceProtocol=CTTA, Backbone=ViT-B/162025.12 | 35.4 | — | — | — | — | — | 55 | 51.5 | 26.9 | 24 | 60.5 | 29 | 21.4 | 21.1 | 25 | 35.2 | 11.8 | 34.8 | 43.2 | 56 | 35.9 | 0 | |
| CoTTAProtocol=CTTA, Backbone=ViT-B/162025.12 | 34.8 | — | — | — | — | — | 55 | 51.3 | 25.8 | 24.1 | 59.2 | 28.9 | 21.4 | 21 | 24.7 | 34.9 | 11.7 | 31.7 | 40.4 | 55.7 | 35.6 | 0.6 | |
| TENT2026.02 | 34.79 | 71.61 | — | — | — | — | 3.52 | 3.39 | 5.17 | 50.11 | 2.61 | 49.06 | 53.99 | 52.94 | 45.91 | 51.26 | 63.77 | 50.92 | 32.66 | 24.18 | 32.33 | — | |
| M2A (Frequency)Protocol=CTTA, Backbone=ViT-B/16, Masking Type=Frequency2025.12 | 34.4 | — | — | — | — | — | 30.5 | 27.3 | 21.7 | 23.6 | 47.7 | 28.2 | 25.1 | 22.1 | 18.9 | 19.8 | 18.6 | 16.8 | 68.3 | 83.7 | 79.3 | 1 | |
| SourceBatch Size=64, Adaptation=None2023.10 | 33.2 | 33.2 | 33.2 | 33.2 | 33.2 | 33.2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Pseudo-labelProtocol=CTTA, Backbone=ViT-B/162025.12 | 33.2 | — | — | — | — | — | 53.8 | 48.9 | 25.4 | 23 | 58.7 | 27.3 | 19.6 | 20.6 | 23.4 | 31.3 | 11.8 | 28.4 | 39.6 | 52.3 | 33.9 | 2.2 | |
| TentProtocol=CTTA, Backbone=ViT-B/162025.12 | 32.1 | — | — | — | — | — | 53 | 47 | 24.6 | 22.3 | 58.5 | 26.5 | 19 | 21 | 23 | 30.1 | 11.8 | 25.2 | 39 | 47.1 | 33.3 | 3.3 | |
| CLIP2026.02 | 32 | 64.72 | — | — | — | — | 15.86 | 17.52 | 21.33 | 40.09 | 13.49 | 39.82 | 45.43 | 42.79 | 45.41 | 38.88 | 52.51 | 33.41 | 24.34 | 21.91 | 27.18 | — | |
| VDPProtocol=CTTA, Backbone=ViT-B/162025.12 | 32 | — | — | — | — | — | 54.8 | 51.2 | 25.6 | 24.2 | 59.1 | 28.8 | 21.2 | 20.5 | 23.3 | 33.8 | 7.5 | 11.7 | 32 | 51.7 | 35.2 | 3.4 | |
| LAMEBatch Size=64, TTA Type=Online2023.10 | 31.1 | 31 | 31.5 | 30.8 | 31 | 31.1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| PETALProtocol=CTTA, Backbone=ViT-B/162025.12 | 28 | — | — | — | — | — | 49.2 | 38.7 | 24.1 | 26.3 | 38.2 | 25.4 | 19.4 | 21 | 19.3 | 26.6 | 15.4 | 31.8 | 28.3 | 26.6 | 29.5 | 7.4 | |
| ViDAProtocol=CTTA, Backbone=ViT-B/162025.12 | 27.3 | — | — | — | — | — | 50.1 | 40.7 | 22 | 21.2 | 45.2 | 21.6 | 16.5 | 17.9 | 16.6 | 25.6 | 11.5 | 29 | 29.6 | 34.7 | 27.1 | 8.1 | |
| Continual-MAEProtocol=CTTA, Backbone=ViT-B/162025.12 | 26.4 | — | — | — | — | — | 48.6 | 30.7 | 18.5 | 21.3 | 38.4 | 22.2 | 17.5 | 19.3 | 18 | 24.8 | 13.1 | 27.8 | 31.4 | 35.5 | 29.5 | 9 | |
| SARProtocol=CTTA, Backbone=ViT-B/162025.12 | 26.2 | — | — | — | — | — | 39.4 | 31 | 19.8 | 20.9 | 43.9 | 22.6 | 19.1 | 20.3 | 20.2 | 24.3 | 11.8 | 22.3 | 35.2 | 32.1 | 30.1 | 9.2 | |
| REMProtocol=CTTA, Backbone=ViT-B/162025.12 | 23.4 | — | — | — | — | — | 29.2 | 25.5 | 17 | 19.1 | 35.2 | 21.2 | 18.3 | 19.5 | 18.7 | 22.8 | 15.5 | 17.6 | 31.6 | 26.2 | 33 | 12 | |
| M2A (Spatial)Protocol=CTTA, Backbone=ViT-B/16, Masking Type=Spatial (Patch-based)2025.12 | 19.8 | — | — | — | — | — | 29.7 | 24.6 | 15.7 | 18.1 | 30.6 | 19 | 15.3 | 16.2 | 15.2 | 16.8 | 11.7 | 14 | 25.7 | 18.9 | 26.1 | 15.6 | |
| SupervisedProtocol=Oracle/Supervised, Backbone=ViT-B/162025.12 | 16.1 | — | — | — | — | — | 26.2 | 20.6 | 13.9 | 15.9 | 24.6 | 15.6 | 11.8 | 13.1 | 12.1 | 13.6 | 8.5 | 9.7 | 20.2 | 13.5 | 21.5 | 19.3 | |
| EATABatch Size=64, TTA Type=Online2023.10 | 8.1 | 23.5 | 6.1 | 4.8 | 3.7 | 2.4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |