Image Classification on CIFAR-100-C (test) (Accuracy and Efficiency)
36.64Error Rate (%)BP-TTA
Evaluation results
| Method | Links | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BP-TTAModel Architecture=RNXT29, PTTA Setting=True2026.06 | 36.64 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| RoTTAModel Architecture=RNXT29, PTTA Setting=True2026.06 | 38.48 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| BP-TTAModel Architecture=WRN40, PTTA Setting=True2026.06 | 39.15 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| DA-TTAModel Architecture=WRN40, PTTA Setting=True2026.06 | 41.34 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| RoTTAModel Architecture=WRN40, PTTA Setting=True2026.06 | 41.42 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| DA-TTAModel Architecture=RNXT29, PTTA Setting=True2026.06 | 43.69 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| SourceModel Architecture=RNXT29, PTTA Setting=True2026.06 | 46.45 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| SourceModel Architecture=WRN40, PTTA Setting=True2026.06 | 46.75 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| RoTTAModel Architecture=PARN18, PTTA Setting=True2026.06 | 49.1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| BP-TTAModel Architecture=PARN18, PTTA Setting=True2026.06 | 49.32 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| LAMEModel Architecture=PARN18, PTTA Setting=True2026.06 | 51.98 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| SourceModel Architecture=PARN18, PTTA Setting=True2026.06 | 56.87 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| LAMEModel Architecture=RNXT29, PTTA Setting=True2026.06 | 75.8 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| LAMEModel Architecture=WRN40, PTTA Setting=True2026.06 | 79.39 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| EATAModel Architecture=RNXT29, PTTA Setting=True2026.06 | 79.68 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| EATAModel Architecture=WRN40, PTTA Setting=True2026.06 | 80.76 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| CoTTAModel Architecture=RNXT29, PTTA Setting=True2026.06 | 81.29 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| CoTTAModel Architecture=WRN40, PTTA Setting=True2026.06 | 81.74 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| SURGEONModel Architecture=WRN40, PTTA Setting=True2026.06 | 82.49 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| EATAModel Architecture=PARN18, PTTA Setting=True2026.06 | 82.95 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| CoTTAModel Architecture=PARN18, PTTA Setting=True2026.06 | 85.39 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| SURGEONModel Architecture=RNXT29, PTTA Setting=True2026.06 | 89.1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| SARModel Architecture=WRN40, PTTA Setting=True2026.06 | 89.87 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| SURGEONModel Architecture=PARN18, PTTA Setting=True2026.06 | 89.95 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| PALMModel Architecture=WRN40, PTTA Setting=True2026.06 | 90.69 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| SARModel Architecture=PARN18, PTTA Setting=True2026.06 | 91.56 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| PALMModel Architecture=RNXT29, PTTA Setting=True2026.06 | 91.73 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| SARModel Architecture=RNXT29, PTTA Setting=True2026.06 | 92.39 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| DA-TTAModel Architecture=PARN18, PTTA Setting=True2026.06 | 93.82 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| TENTModel Architecture=WRN40, PTTA Setting=True2026.06 | 95.11 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| TENTModel Architecture=RNXT29, PTTA Setting=True2026.06 | 96.99 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| TENTModel Architecture=PARN18, PTTA Setting=True2026.06 | 97.52 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| PALMModel Architecture=PARN18, PTTA Setting=True2026.06 | 98.2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| BN statsBackbone=ResNeXt-292026.07 | — | — | — | — | — | 42.3 | 40.8 | 43.3 | 27.8 | 42 | 29.8 | 27.9 | 35.1 | 35 | 41.7 | 26.3 | 30.3 | 35.6 | 33.4 | 41.3 | 35.5 | |
| BN-statBackbone=ResNeXt-29, Hardware=Jetson Xavier NX, Batch Size=8, Protocol=FTTA2025.03 | — | 44 | 8 | 8.4 | 25.4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| CoLA (DeYO)Backbone=ResNeXt-29, Source weights=DeYO [40]2026.07 | — | — | — | — | — | 35.4 | 33.8 | 37.5 | 24.7 | 35.6 | 26.5 | 24.3 | 30.6 | 29.7 | 35.3 | 23.8 | 26.7 | 31 | 28 | 36.8 | 30.7 | |
| CoLA (ROID)Backbone=ResNeXt-29, Source weights=ROID [44]2026.07 | — | — | — | — | — | 37.1 | 35.4 | 38.4 | 25 | 37.1 | 27.1 | 24.9 | 31.1 | 30.8 | 37.3 | 24 | 27.5 | 31.8 | 29 | 37.5 | 31.6 | |
| CoTTABackbone=ResNeXt-29, Hardware=Jetson Xavier NX, Batch Size=8, Protocol=FTTA2025.03 | — | 37.5 | 216 | 259.2 | 522.6 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| EcoTTABackbone=ResNeXt-29, Hardware=Jetson Xavier NX, Batch Size=8, Protocol=FTTA2025.03 | — | 39.6 | 42 | 19.1 | 80.4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| GCBackbone=ResNeXt-29, Hardware=Jetson Xavier NX, Batch Size=8, Protocol=FTTA2025.03 | — | 45.2 | 62.1 | 29.3 | 118.2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| MECTABackbone=ResNeXt-29, Hardware=Jetson Xavier NX, Batch Size=8, Protocol=FTTA2025.03 | — | 38.2 | 22.8 | 16.4 | 66.5 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| No AdaptBackbone=ResNeXt-292026.07 | — | — | — | — | — | 73 | 68 | 39.4 | 29.4 | 54.1 | 30.8 | 28.8 | 39.5 | 45.8 | 50.3 | 29.5 | 55.1 | 37.2 | 74.7 | 41.2 | 46.4 | |
| Ours (DeYO)Backbone=ResNeXt-29, Source weights=DeYO [40]2026.07 | — | — | — | — | — | 35.4 | 33.9 | 37.2 | 25 | 35.6 | 26.9 | 24.9 | 31.2 | 30.3 | 35.1 | 24.2 | 27.2 | 31.2 | 28.1 | 37.1 | 30.9 | |
| Ours (ROID)Backbone=ResNeXt-29, Source weights=ROID [44]2026.07 | — | — | — | — | — | 35.2 | 34.1 | 35.7 | 24.6 | 35.7 | 26.5 | 24.6 | 30.6 | 30.1 | 35.3 | 23.7 | 27.1 | 31.1 | 27.4 | 35.7 | 30.5 | |
| SURGEONBackbone=ResNeXt-29, Hardware=Jetson Xavier NX, Batch Size=8, Protocol=FTTA2025.03 | — | 37.8 | 22.4 | 28.3 | 117.4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| SURGEON (BN)Backbone=ResNeXt-29, Hardware=Jetson Xavier NX, Batch Size=8, Protocol=FTTA2025.03 | — | 37.9 | 19.9 | 18.5 | 78.8 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| T3ABackbone=ResNeXt-292026.07 | — | — | — | — | — | 72.1 | 66.8 | 39.3 | 29.1 | 50.7 | 30.8 | 28.2 | 39.8 | 45 | 49.2 | 29.6 | 51.5 | 36.3 | 70.7 | 41.2 | 45.3 | |
| TENTBackbone=ResNeXt-29, Hardware=Jetson Xavier NX, Batch Size=8, Protocol=FTTA2025.03 | — | 41.9 | 109 | 16.3 | 65.6 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |