Hyperspectral Image Classification on Pavia University (PU) HU-to-PU (test)
0.8482Overall Accuracy (OA)Ours
Evaluation results
| Method | Links | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ourstraining_source=HU, testing_target=PU2026.01 | 0.8482 | 0.7774 | 0.8623 | 0.8356 | 0.9015 | 0.999 | 0.8764 | 0.9754 | 0.7186 | 0.8862 | 0.8703 | 0.8044 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Ours (CKI)source_dataset=Pavia University2025.12 | 0.8464 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.84 | 0.8333 | 0.7863 | 0.9643 | 0.7881 | 0.9811 | 0.9962 | 0.8462 | 0.8535 | 0.7787 | 0.7535 | 0.8504 | 0.8349 | 0.756 | 0.8982 | 0.8421 | 0.6702 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| DEMAEtraining_source=HU, testing_target=PU2026.01 | 0.841 | 0.7246 | 0.8546 | 0.81 | 0.8759 | 0.9957 | 0.907 | 0.9695 | 0.7702 | 0.8714 | 0.8643 | 0.7955 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| ADGKTtransfer_source=Houston2025.12 | 0.8288 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.8029 | 0.7703 | — | — | — | 0.841 | 0.6161 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.8859 | 0.9229 | 0.7587 | 0.9362 | 0.6942 | 0.9483 | 0.9057 | |
| MTLsource_dataset=Pavia University2025.12 | 0.7996 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.7915 | 0.7826 | 0.7028 | 0.9267 | 0.7089 | 0.9706 | 0.9934 | 0.7413 | 0.8825 | 0.6876 | 0.7101 | 0.7249 | 0.778 | 0.7118 | 0.8737 | 0.8178 | 0.6427 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Finetunetransfer_source=Houston2025.12 | 0.7969 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.8109 | 0.7317 | — | — | — | 0.8266 | 0.617 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.8382 | 0.8031 | 0.6347 | 0.9057 | 0.6493 | 0.9382 | 0.9434 | |
| FFLsource_dataset=Pavia University2025.12 | 0.7949 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.8002 | 0.7776 | 0.7066 | 0.9727 | 0.6832 | 0.9688 | 0.9631 | 0.8252 | 0.8601 | 0.7312 | 0.6204 | 0.6882 | 0.8245 | 0.6234 | 0.8281 | 0.9271 | 0.7801 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| ONEsource_dataset=Pavia University2025.12 | 0.7942 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.795 | 0.7767 | 0.6353 | 0.9737 | 0.7465 | 0.9631 | 0.9943 | 0.8182 | 0.7948 | 0.7227 | 0.8423 | 0.5656 | 0.8207 | 0.6407 | 0.8667 | 0.7854 | 0.7548 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Baseline2025.12 | 0.7924 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.7853 | 0.7752 | 0.7455 | 0.8985 | 0.5465 | 0.9166 | 0.9953 | 0.7762 | 0.7882 | 0.8338 | 0.8234 | 0.6236 | 0.7097 | 0.7147 | 0.9018 | 0.8138 | 0.6913 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| UANsource_dataset=Pavia University2025.12 | 0.7869 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.7935 | 0.7688 | 0.6885 | 0.9568 | 0.7525 | 0.9157 | 0.9782 | 0.8182 | 0.8675 | 0.6828 | 0.6978 | 0.5521 | 0.8074 | 0.7243 | 0.8877 | 0.9028 | 0.6702 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Adaptorsource_dataset=Pavia University2025.12 | 0.7852 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.7723 | 0.7669 | 0.7455 | 0.9483 | 0.7327 | 0.9366 | 0.982 | 0.6923 | 0.8424 | 0.6838 | 0.8291 | 0.4884 | 0.8036 | 0.7032 | 0.7895 | 0.834 | 0.5729 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Finetunesource_dataset=Pavia University2025.12 | 0.7808 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.7686 | 0.7621 | 0.7626 | 0.9295 | 0.4871 | 0.9602 | 0.9962 | 0.7063 | 0.8638 | 0.7607 | 0.6657 | 0.5347 | 0.8681 | 0.5744 | 0.8175 | 0.7611 | 0.8414 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| HyMuTtraining_source=HU, testing_target=PU2026.01 | 0.7699 | 0.7764 | 0.7871 | 0.6145 | 0.9083 | 0.9609 | 0.6648 | 0.7914 | 0.6529 | 0.9941 | 0.7945 | 0.704 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| CTFtraining_source=HU, testing_target=PU2026.01 | 0.7673 | 0.832 | 0.6505 | 0.6719 | 0.8788 | 0.9965 | 0.9167 | 0.9691 | 0.7873 | 0.9901 | 0.8481 | 0.7114 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| DCFSLtraining_source=HU, testing_target=PU2026.01 | 0.7672 | 0.8957 | 0.7877 | 0.9815 | 0.8856 | 0.9641 | 0.795 | 0.749 | 0.4129 | 0.7028 | 0.7925 | 0.7483 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| ONEtransfer_source=Houston2025.12 | 0.763 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.8078 | 0.694 | — | — | — | 0.9018 | 0.5464 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.8706 | 0.7146 | 0.7135 | 0.9838 | 0.6799 | 0.9364 | 0.9233 | |
| UANtransfer_source=Houston2025.12 | 0.7614 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.7997 | 0.6893 | — | — | — | 0.8647 | 0.5503 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.7878 | 0.745 | 0.7322 | 0.9587 | 0.7421 | 0.9224 | 0.8943 | |
| FFLtransfer_source=Houston2025.12 | 0.757 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.803 | 0.6889 | — | — | — | 0.8832 | 0.6798 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.8503 | 0.6847 | 0.6727 | 0.9712 | 0.6035 | 0.9444 | 0.9371 | |
| Adaptortransfer_source=Houston2025.12 | 0.7546 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.7866 | 0.6785 | — | — | — | 0.9471 | 0.4123 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.7917 | 0.7664 | 0.7339 | 0.9865 | 0.6922 | 0.8344 | 0.9145 | |
| Baselinetransfer_mode=Target-only training2025.12 | 0.7427 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.7901 | 0.6693 | — | — | — | 0.9001 | 0.5551 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.8368 | 0.6902 | 0.5725 | 0.9901 | 0.685 | 0.9504 | 0.9308 | |
| MTLtransfer_source=Houston2025.12 | 0.7361 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.8278 | 0.6711 | — | — | — | 0.8723 | 0.9184 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.7762 | 0.598 | 0.7493 | 0.9686 | 0.7574 | 0.9108 | 0.8994 | |
| FDFSLtraining_source=HU, testing_target=PU2026.01 | 0.6622 | 0.6243 | 0.6869 | 0.5034 | 0.8091 | 0.9854 | 0.579 | 0.6542 | 0.5156 | 0.8851 | 0.6937 | 0.5729 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| SSTNtraining_source=HU, testing_target=PU2026.01 | 0.6421 | 0.7446 | 0.5467 | 0.6473 | 0.8984 | 0.9877 | 0.6004 | 0.9631 | 0.4559 | 0.9471 | 0.7557 | 0.5599 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |