GUI Grounding on MMBench-GUI L2 (test)
2.9Average ErrorGPT-4o
Evaluation results
| Method | Links | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GPT-4oType=Proprietary2026.02 | 2.9 | 1.5 | 1.1 | 8.7 | 4.3 | 1.1 | 1 | 5.1 | 3.3 | 2.5 | 1.4 | 3.2 | 2.9 | — | — | |
| GPT-4o2025.12 | 2.9 | 1.5 | 1.1 | 8.7 | 4.3 | 1.1 | 1 | 5.1 | 3.3 | 2.5 | 1.4 | 3.2 | 2.9 | — | — | |
| Claude-3.7Type=Proprietary2026.02 | 4.7 | 1.5 | 0.7 | 12.5 | 7.5 | 1.1 | 0 | 13.7 | 10.6 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 3.2 | 2.3 | — | — | |
| Claude-3.72025.12 | 4.7 | 1.5 | 0.7 | 12.5 | 7.5 | 1.1 | 0 | 13.7 | 10.6 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 3.2 | 2.3 | — | — | |
| Qwen2.5-VL-7BTraining Paradigm=General, Base Model Architecture=Qwen2.5-VL-based2025.11 | 33.9 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 38 | 29.8 | |
| OS-Atlas-7BParameters=7B2026.02 | 41.4 | 36.9 | 18.8 | 44.4 | 21.7 | 31.4 | 13.3 | 74.8 | 48.8 | 69.6 | 46.8 | 61.3 | 35.4 | — | — | |
| OS-Atlas-7BParameters=7B2025.12 | 41.4 | 36.9 | 18.8 | 44.4 | 21.7 | 31.4 | 13.3 | 74.8 | 48.8 | 69.6 | 46.8 | 61.3 | 35.4 | — | — | |
| OS-Atlas-Base-7BTraining Paradigm=SFT2025.11 | 41.4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 52.8 | 30.1 | |
| Aguvis-7BParameters=7B2026.02 | 45.7 | 37.3 | 21.7 | 48.1 | 33.3 | 33.5 | 25 | 67.5 | 65.2 | 61 | 51 | 61.6 | 45.5 | — | — | |
| Aguvis-7BParameters=7B2025.12 | 45.7 | 37.3 | 21.7 | 48.1 | 33.3 | 33.5 | 25 | 67.5 | 65.2 | 61 | 51 | 61.6 | 45.5 | — | — | |
| Aguvis-7BTraining Paradigm=SFT2025.11 | 45.7 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Qwen3-VL-2BParameters=2B2026.02 | 46.5 | 81.9 | 0 | 80.3 | 46.2 | 67.5 | 0 | 90.8 | 0 | 91 | 0 | 88.1 | 0 | — | — | |
| Qwen3-VL-2BParameters=2B2025.12 | 46.5 | 81.9 | 0 | 80.3 | 46.2 | 67.5 | 0 | 90.8 | 0 | 91 | 0 | 88.1 | 0 | — | — | |
| Qwen-Max-VLType=Proprietary2026.02 | 58 | 43.9 | 36.8 | 58.8 | 56.1 | 53.9 | 30.1 | 77.4 | 59.1 | 79.5 | 70.1 | 74.8 | 58.8 | — | — | |
| Qwen-Max-VL2025.12 | 58 | 43.9 | 36.8 | 58.8 | 56.1 | 53.9 | 30.1 | 77.4 | 59.1 | 79.5 | 70.1 | 74.8 | 58.8 | — | — | |
| UI-TARS-1.5-7BParameters=7B2026.02 | 64.3 | 68.3 | 39 | 69 | 44.5 | 64.4 | 37.8 | 88.5 | 69.4 | 90.5 | 69.3 | 81 | 56.5 | — | — | |
| UI-TARS-1.5-7BParameters=7B, Version=1.52025.12 | 64.3 | 68.3 | 39 | 69 | 44.5 | 64.4 | 37.8 | 88.5 | 69.4 | 90.5 | 69.3 | 81 | 56.5 | — | — | |
| UI-TARS-1.5-7BTraining Paradigm=RL, Base Model Architecture=Qwen2.5-VL-based2025.11 | 64.3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 78.4 | 50.4 | |
| UI-TARS-1.5-7BParameters=7B2026.06 | 64.3 | 68.27 | 38.97 | 68.99 | 44.51 | 64.4 | 37.76 | 88.54 | 69.39 | 90.45 | 69.29 | 80.97 | 56.49 | — | — | |
| UGround-V1-7BParameters=7B2026.02 | 65.7 | 66.8 | 39 | 71.3 | 48.6 | 56.5 | 31.1 | 92.7 | 70.9 | 93.5 | 71 | 88.7 | 64.6 | — | — | |
| UGround-V1-7BParameters=7B, Version=V12025.12 | 65.7 | 66.8 | 39 | 71.3 | 48.6 | 56.5 | 31.1 | 92.7 | 70.9 | 93.5 | 71 | 88.7 | 64.6 | — | — | |
| UGround-V1-7BTraining Paradigm=SFT2025.11 | 65.7 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 78.4 | 53 | |
| Qwen3-VL-2BTraining Paradigm=General, Base Model Architecture=Qwen2.5-VL-based2025.11 | 69.5 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 84.3 | 54.9 | |
| GUI-Actor-3BTraining Paradigm=SFT, Base Model Architecture=Qwen2.5-VL-based2025.11 | 69.8 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| JEDI-7BTraining Paradigm=SFT, Base Model Architecture=Qwen2.5-VL-based2025.11 | 70.4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| GUI-Actor-7BTraining Paradigm=SFT, Base Model Architecture=Qwen2.5-VL-based2025.11 | 70.9 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| InternVL3-78BParameters=78B2026.02 | 72.2 | 70.1 | 42.6 | 75.7 | 52.3 | 59.2 | 41.3 | 93.6 | 80.6 | 92.7 | 78.6 | 90.7 | 65.9 | — | — | |
| InternVL3-78BParameters=78B, Version=VL32025.12 | 72.2 | 70.1 | 42.6 | 75.7 | 52.3 | 59.2 | 41.3 | 93.6 | 80.6 | 92.7 | 78.6 | 90.7 | 65.9 | — | — | |
| InfiGUI-G1-3BTraining Paradigm=RL, Base Model Architecture=Qwen2.5-VL-based2025.11 | 73.4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 84.1 | 62.9 | |
| UI-TARS-DPO-72BParameters=72B2026.02 | 74.3 | 78.6 | 51.8 | 80.3 | 62.7 | 68.6 | 51.5 | 90.8 | 81.2 | 93 | 80 | 88.1 | 68.5 | — | — | |
| UI-TARS-DPO-72BParameters=72B2025.12 | 74.3 | 78.6 | 51.8 | 80.3 | 62.7 | 68.6 | 51.5 | 90.8 | 81.2 | 93 | 80 | 88.1 | 68.5 | — | — | |
| UI-TARS-72BParameters=72B2026.06 | 74.3 | 78.6 | 51.84 | 80.29 | 62.72 | 68.59 | 51.53 | 90.76 | 81.21 | 92.98 | 80 | 88.06 | 68.51 | — | — | |
| GroundNext-3B (SFT)Training Paradigm=SFT, Base Model Architecture=Qwen2.5-VL-based2025.11 | 75.5 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 86.5 | 64.5 | |
| GUI-AIMA-3B-liteBase Model Architecture=Qwen2.5-VL-based2025.11 | 76.3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 86.2 | 66.5 | |
| GUI-Actor-7BParameters=7B2026.02 | 76.5 | 80.8 | 55.1 | 81.4 | 60.4 | 64.9 | 41.8 | 94.3 | 82.7 | 93.5 | 79.7 | 89.7 | 72.1 | — | — | |
| GUI-Actor-7BParameters=7B2025.12 | 76.5 | 80.8 | 55.1 | 81.4 | 60.4 | 64.9 | 41.8 | 94.3 | 82.7 | 93.5 | 79.7 | 89.7 | 72.1 | — | — | |
| SE-GUI-7BParameters=7B2026.02 | 76.6 | 77.5 | 57.7 | 77.1 | 60.7 | 68.6 | 44.9 | 95.5 | 80 | 95.5 | 83.7 | 89.7 | 68.8 | — | — | |
| SE-GUI-7BParameters=7B2025.12 | 76.6 | 77.5 | 57.7 | 77.1 | 60.7 | 68.6 | 44.9 | 95.5 | 80 | 95.5 | 83.7 | 89.7 | 68.8 | — | — | |
| GroundNext-3B (RL)Training Paradigm=RL, Base Model Architecture=Qwen2.5-VL-based2025.11 | 77.1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 87.3 | 67.1 | |
| GTA1-7BParameters=7B2026.02 | 78.5 | 76.8 | 57.4 | 80.3 | 63.9 | 68.6 | 53.6 | 93.9 | 83.3 | 96.3 | 84.5 | 90.3 | 74.7 | — | — | |
| GTA1-7BParameters=7B2025.12 | 78.5 | 76.8 | 57.4 | 80.3 | 63.9 | 68.6 | 53.6 | 93.9 | 83.3 | 96.3 | 84.5 | 90.3 | 74.7 | — | — | |
| GUI-G2-7BParameters=7B2026.02 | 78.8 | 79.7 | 55.1 | 79.7 | 64.7 | 69.6 | 50 | 95.2 | 82.7 | 96.6 | 85.4 | 91.9 | 75.6 | — | — | |
| GUI-G2-7BParameters=7B2025.12 | 78.8 | 79.7 | 55.1 | 79.7 | 64.7 | 69.6 | 50 | 95.2 | 82.7 | 96.6 | 85.4 | 91.9 | 75.6 | — | — | |
| GUI-AIMA-3BBase Model Architecture=Qwen2.5-VL-based2025.11 | 79.1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 88.3 | 69.9 | |
| GTA1-7BTraining Paradigm=RL, Base Model Architecture=Qwen2.5-VL-based2025.11 | 79.4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| GUI-G^2-7BTraining Paradigm=RL, Base Model Architecture=Qwen2.5-VL-based2025.11 | 79.5 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| UI-Venus-Ground-7BParameters=7B2026.06 | 79.9 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| GUI-Owl-1.5-8B-ThinkingParameters=8B, Mode=Thinking2026.06 | 80.1 | 84.5 | 63.6 | 85.22 | 71.1 | 71.73 | 53.57 | 92.99 | 81.82 | 89.3 | 78.37 | 95.81 | 77.6 | — | — | |
| GUI-Owl-7BParameters=7B2026.02 | 80.5 | 86.4 | 61.8 | 81.7 | 64.5 | 74.4 | 61.7 | 94.9 | 83 | 95.8 | 83.7 | 93.2 | 72.7 | — | — | |
| GUI-Owl-7BParameters=7B2025.12 | 80.5 | 86.4 | 61.8 | 81.7 | 64.5 | 74.4 | 61.7 | 94.9 | 83 | 95.8 | 83.7 | 93.2 | 72.7 | — | — | |
| GUI-Owl-7BParameters=7B2026.06 | 80.5 | 86.4 | 61.8 | 81.7 | 64.5 | 74.4 | 61.7 | 94.9 | 83 | 95.8 | 83.7 | 93.2 | 72.7 | — | — | |
| InfiGUI-G1-7BParameters=7B2026.02 | 80.8 | 82.7 | 61.8 | 83.8 | 63.9 | 72.3 | 52 | 94.9 | 89.4 | 95.2 | 85.6 | 93.5 | 76.3 | — | — | |
| InfiGUI-G1-7BParameters=7B2025.12 | 80.8 | 82.7 | 61.8 | 83.8 | 63.9 | 72.3 | 52 | 94.9 | 89.4 | 95.2 | 85.6 | 93.5 | 76.3 | — | — | |
| InfiGUI-G1-7BTraining Paradigm=RL, Base Model Architecture=Qwen2.5-VL-based2025.11 | 80.8 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 88.3 | 73.3 | |
| Qwen3-VL-8BParameters=8B2026.02 | 81.3 | 88.6 | 61.8 | 85.5 | 69.1 | 74.9 | 53.1 | 95.2 | 82.4 | 95.5 | 84.5 | 96.8 | 72.1 | — | — | |
| Qwen3-VL-8BParameters=8B2025.12 | 81.3 | 88.6 | 61.8 | 85.5 | 69.1 | 74.9 | 53.1 | 95.2 | 82.4 | 95.5 | 84.5 | 96.8 | 72.1 | — | — | |
| Qwen3-VL-8BTraining Paradigm=General, Base Model Architecture=Qwen2.5-VL-based2025.11 | 81.4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 90.2 | 72.7 | |
| Qwen3-VL-8BParameters=8B2026.06 | 81.4 | 88.6 | 62.5 | 86.1 | 66.8 | 72.8 | 57.1 | 95.9 | 83.9 | 95.8 | 84.8 | 94.8 | 72.7 | — | — | |
| GUI-Owl-1.5-8B-InstructParameters=8B, Mode=Instruct2026.06 | 82.5 | 89.66 | 65.44 | 88.11 | 72.83 | 72.77 | 56.63 | 95.85 | 83.93 | 95.21 | 82.86 | 93.22 | 77.59 | — | — | |
| MAI-UI-2BParameters=2B2026.02 | 82.6 | 84.9 | 64 | 89.3 | 72.5 | 75.4 | 60.2 | 95.2 | 85.2 | 96.3 | 84.2 | 92.9 | 76 | — | — | |
| MAI-UI-2BParameters=2B2025.12 | 82.6 | 84.9 | 64 | 89.3 | 72.5 | 75.4 | 60.2 | 95.2 | 85.2 | 96.3 | 84.2 | 92.9 | 76 | — | — | |
| Xiaomi-GUI-0-30B-A3BParameters=30B-A3B2026.06 | 82.67 | 84.87 | 65.44 | 83.19 | 66.76 | 79.58 | 61.22 | 96.18 | 86.36 | 95.79 | 86.2 | 93.55 | 80.84 | — | — | |
| GUI-Owl-32BParameters=32B2026.02 | 83 | 85.6 | 65.1 | 84.9 | 67.1 | 77 | 63.3 | 95.2 | 85.5 | 96.1 | 87 | 95.5 | 80.8 | — | — | |
| GUI-Owl-32BParameters=32B2025.12 | 83 | 85.6 | 65.1 | 84.9 | 67.1 | 77 | 63.3 | 95.2 | 85.5 | 96.1 | 87 | 95.5 | 80.8 | — | — | |
| GUI-Owl-32BParameters=32B2026.06 | 83 | 85.6 | 65.1 | 84.9 | 67.1 | 77 | 63.3 | 95.2 | 85.5 | 96.1 | 87 | 95.5 | 80.8 | — | — | |
| GUI-Owl-1.5-4B-InstructParameters=4B, Mode=Instruct2026.06 | 83.2 | 87.82 | 69.11 | 88.4 | 67.63 | 74.86 | 56.12 | 97.13 | 83.33 | 96.05 | 85.11 | 95.48 | 82.46 | — | — | |
| GTA1-32BParameters=32B2026.02 | 83.4 | 82.3 | 66.9 | 89 | 74 | 73.3 | 52 | 96.2 | 88.2 | 95.8 | 88.5 | 95.2 | 79.9 | — | — | |
| GTA1-32BParameters=32B2025.12 | 83.4 | 82.3 | 66.9 | 89 | 74 | 73.3 | 52 | 96.2 | 88.2 | 95.8 | 88.5 | 95.2 | 79.9 | — | — | |
| Qwen3-VL-30B-A3BTraining Paradigm=General, Base Model Architecture=Qwen2.5-VL-based2025.11 | 83.7 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 91 | 76.5 | |
| Qwen3-VL-30B-A3BParameters=30B-A3B2026.06 | 83.7 | 87.8 | 69.9 | 85.2 | 68.8 | 78 | 60.7 | 96.5 | 84.5 | 96.3 | 88.5 | 96.5 | 78.6 | — | — | |
| Step-GUI-4BParameters=4B2026.06 | 84 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Holo2-8BTraining Paradigm=RL2025.11 | 84.5 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 91.7 | 77.4 | |
| GUI-Owl-1.5-32B-ThinkingParameters=32B, Mode=Thinking2026.06 | 84.5 | 89.67 | 66.18 | 88.12 | 73.41 | 77.49 | 63.78 | 94.59 | 89.09 | 92.96 | 87.64 | 96.13 | 81.49 | — | — | |
| Qwen3-VL-32BParameters=32B2026.02 | 85.3 | 93.4 | 71.3 | 92.8 | 74.3 | 78 | 56.1 | 95.5 | 88.8 | 97.2 | 88.5 | 92.6 | 78.6 | — | — | |
| Qwen3-VL-32BParameters=32B2025.12 | 85.3 | 93.4 | 71.3 | 92.8 | 74.3 | 78 | 56.1 | 95.5 | 88.8 | 97.2 | 88.5 | 92.6 | 78.6 | — | — | |
| Step-GUI-8BParameters=8B2026.06 | 85.6 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| UI-Venus-Ground-72BParameters=72B2026.06 | 86.3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Holo2-30B-A3BTraining Paradigm=RL2025.11 | 86.8 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 92.8 | 80.7 | |
| GUI-Owl-1.5-32B-InstructParameters=32B, Mode=Instruct2026.06 | 86.8 | 91.51 | 68.75 | 92.46 | 77.46 | 76.44 | 67.35 | 97.13 | 90.61 | 96.06 | 89.04 | 96.13 | 84.74 | — | — | |
| POINTS-GUI-G-8BParameters=8B2026.02 | 87 | 93.7 | 68.4 | 87.5 | 75.7 | 85.9 | 69.9 | 97.1 | 88.8 | 97.2 | 90.1 | 95.8 | 84.4 | — | — | |
| UI-Venus-1.5-8BParameters=8B2026.06 | 88.1 | 92.6 | 74.6 | 86.1 | 82.1 | 84.3 | 67.3 | 97.1 | 89.4 | 96.9 | 92.4 | 96.8 | 86 | — | — | |
| UI-Venus-1.5-30B-A3BParameters=30B-A3B2026.06 | 88.6 | 91.5 | 76.5 | 88.1 | 76.6 | 85.9 | 69.9 | 96.5 | 93 | 97.2 | 93.8 | 96.5 | 87.7 | — | — | |
| MAI-UI-8BParameters=8B2026.02 | 88.8 | 92.3 | 74.3 | 90.7 | 86.4 | 81.2 | 67.3 | 97.1 | 90 | 97.5 | 92.7 | 95.8 | 86 | — | — | |
| MAI-UI-8BParameters=8B2025.12 | 88.8 | 92.3 | 74.3 | 90.7 | 86.4 | 81.2 | 67.3 | 97.1 | 90 | 97.5 | 92.7 | 95.8 | 86 | — | — | |
| MAI-UI-8BParameters=8B2026.06 | 88.8 | 92.3 | 74.3 | 90.7 | 86.4 | 81.2 | 67.3 | 97.1 | 90 | 97.5 | 92.7 | 95.8 | 86 | — | — | |
| MAI-UI-32BParameters=32B2025.12 | 91.3 | 93 | 78.7 | 92.8 | 87.6 | 86.9 | 77.6 | 97.1 | 92.4 | 98 | 93.2 | 96.1 | 92.5 | — | — | |
| MAI-UI-32BParameters=32B2026.06 | 91.3 | 93 | 78.7 | 92.8 | 87.6 | 86.9 | 77.6 | 97.1 | 92.4 | 98 | 93.2 | 96.1 | 92.5 | — | — |