Few-shot Image Classification on 11 CLIP Target Datasets
83.8Average AccuracyCLIP-LoRA + Ours
Evaluation results
| Method | Links | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CLIP-LoRA + OursShot=16, Backbone=CLIP ViT-B/162026.03 | 83.8 | — | 73.3 | 96.4 | 92.8 | 85.8 | 98.4 | 85.8 | 57.5 | 77.3 | 74.5 | 92.7 | 87.2 | |
| OVMR†Setup=Prompt Learning Setup, Extra Training=true, Backbone Integration=CoOp prompt tokens2024.06 | 83.72 | — | 76.87 | 98.27 | 94.23 | 79.67 | 98.53 | 89.13 | 43.07 | 82.4 | 80.37 | 93.07 | 85.3 | |
| CLIP-LoRAShot=16, Backbone=CLIP ViT-B/162026.03 | 83 | — | 73.6 | 96.4 | 92.4 | 86.3 | 98 | 84.2 | 54.7 | 76.1 | 72 | 92.1 | 86.7 | |
| CoOpSetup=Prompt Learning Setup, Extra Training=true2024.06 | 82.69 | — | 76.47 | 98 | 93.67 | 78.12 | 97.6 | 88.33 | 40.44 | 80.6 | 79.44 | 92.19 | 81.69 | |
| OVMRSetup=Prompt Learning Setup, Extra Training=false2024.06 | 82.34 | — | 76.77 | 98 | 94.97 | 73.93 | 97.83 | 89.93 | 40.37 | 81.83 | 77.1 | 90 | 85.03 | |
| OVMRSetup=Few-shot Setup, Extra Training=false2024.06 | 82.34 | — | 76.77 | 98 | 94.97 | 73.93 | 97.83 | 89.93 | 40.37 | 81.83 | 77.1 | 90 | 85.03 | |
| TOGAShots=16, Venue=N/A2026.03 | 82.3 | — | 72.3 | 96.3 | 93.4 | 85.3 | 98.3 | 87.5 | 48.4 | 76.2 | 73.6 | 89.4 | 84.9 | |
| MaPLeSetup=Prompt Learning Setup, Extra Training=true2024.06 | 82.28 | — | 76.66 | 97.74 | 95.43 | 72.94 | 95.92 | 90.71 | 37.44 | 80.82 | 80.36 | 94.07 | 83 | |
| URLSetup=Few-shot Setup, Extra Training=true2024.06 | 82.13 | — | 72.07 | 97.77 | 89.27 | 78.17 | 97.23 | 87.4 | 44.53 | 79.97 | 80.77 | 92 | 82.13 | |
| PLOT++Shots=16, Venue=ICLR’232026.03 | 82.1 | — | 72.6 | 96 | 93.5 | 84.5 | 97.5 | 87.1 | 46.7 | 76 | 71.4 | 92 | 85.3 | |
| MaPLe + OursShot=16, Backbone=CLIP ViT-B/162026.03 | 81.9 | — | 72.6 | 95.6 | 93.3 | 82.7 | 98 | 87 | 47 | 76.7 | 72.9 | 90.7 | 84 | |
| MaPLeShots=16, Venue=CVPR’232026.03 | 81.8 | — | 72.3 | 96 | 92.8 | 83.5 | 97 | 85.3 | 48.4 | 75.5 | 71.3 | 92.3 | 85 | |
| CCSetup=Few-shot Setup, Extra Training=true2024.06 | 80.51 | — | 70.83 | 97.23 | 86.53 | 75.27 | 96.97 | 87.07 | 41.3 | 79.53 | 76.83 | 91.07 | 83 | |
| CoCoOpSetup=Prompt Learning Setup, Extra Training=true2024.06 | 80.47 | — | 75.98 | 97.96 | 95.2 | 70.49 | 94.87 | 90.7 | 33.41 | 79.74 | 77.01 | 87.49 | 82.33 | |
| IPOShot=16-shots2024.10 | 80.21 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| TOGAShots=8, Venue=N/A2026.03 | 80 | — | 71.5 | 95.8 | 93.4 | 78.2 | 97.3 | 86.8 | 44.2 | 75.1 | 69.6 | 84.1 | 83.9 | |
| CoOp (16)Shots=16, Venue=IJCV’222026.03 | 80 | — | 71.9 | 95.8 | 92 | 82.9 | 96.8 | 84.2 | 43.2 | 74.9 | 69.7 | 85 | 83.1 | |
| ProGradShots=16, Venue=ICCV’232026.03 | 79.9 | — | 72.1 | 95.9 | 92.8 | 82.9 | 96.6 | 85.8 | 43 | 75.1 | 68.8 | 83.6 | 82.7 | |
| PLOT++Shots=8, Venue=ICLR’232026.03 | 79.6 | — | 71.3 | 95.5 | 93 | 81.2 | 95.4 | 86.5 | 41.4 | 73.9 | 66.4 | 88.3 | 82.8 | |
| Ours (Training-Free)Shot=16, Backbone=CLIP ViT-B/162026.03 | 79.4 | — | 71.4 | 95.3 | 92.3 | 79.6 | 96.2 | 86.5 | 41 | 75.7 | 71.9 | 81.6 | 82 | |
| CEPASetup=Few-shot Setup, Extra Training=true2024.06 | 79.02 | — | 69 | 97.1 | 88.1 | 71.7 | 96.1 | 85.2 | 39.1 | 78.1 | 73.7 | 90.7 | 80.4 | |
| CoOpShots=16, Venue=IJCV’222026.03 | 79 | — | 71.5 | 95.5 | 92.4 | 79.1 | 96.4 | 85.1 | 40.1 | 74.6 | 69.2 | 83.5 | 81.9 | |
| MaPLeShots=8, Venue=CVPR’232026.03 | 78.9 | — | 70.3 | 95.2 | 92.5 | 79.4 | 95.8 | 83.6 | 42 | 73.2 | 66.5 | 87.7 | 81.3 | |
| LFAShot=16-shots2024.10 | 78.83 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| CLIP-LoRA + OursShot=4, Backbone=CLIP ViT-B/162026.03 | 78.4 | — | 71.8 | 94.9 | 91.7 | 77.5 | 95.1 | 83.5 | 39.6 | 74.4 | 65.7 | 85.8 | 82.4 | |
| MaPLeShot=16, Backbone=CLIP ViT-B/162026.03 | 78.2 | — | 71.9 | 95.3 | 93.3 | 74.7 | 93.9 | 87.5 | 36 | 74.3 | 67.5 | 85.1 | 81.1 | |
| TOGAShots=4, Venue=N/A2026.03 | 77.9 | — | 71 | 95.7 | 92.7 | 76.7 | 96.4 | 86.7 | 38.3 | 73.2 | 64.5 | 80.3 | 81.7 | |
| ProGradShots=8, Venue=ICCV’232026.03 | 77.4 | — | 71.3 | 94.8 | 92.2 | 78.7 | 95 | 86.1 | 37.7 | 73 | 63.9 | 77.8 | 80.5 | |
| CLIP-LoRAShot=4, Backbone=CLIP ViT-B/162026.03 | 77.4 | — | 71.4 | 95.2 | 91 | 77.4 | 93.7 | 82.7 | 37.9 | 72.8 | 63.8 | 84.9 | 81.1 | |
| PNSetup=Few-shot Setup, Extra Training=false2024.06 | 77.32 | — | 65.77 | 96.13 | 83.37 | 76.3 | 96.13 | 84.93 | 40.43 | 76.3 | 72.2 | 86.87 | 80.53 | |
| KgCoOpShots=16, Venue=CVPR’232026.03 | 77.3 | — | 70.4 | 95.2 | 93.2 | 74.8 | 93.4 | 87.2 | 36.5 | 73.3 | 68.7 | 76.2 | 81.7 | |
| MaPLe + OursShot=4, Backbone=CLIP ViT-B/162026.03 | 77.3 | — | 71.1 | 94.9 | 92.8 | 74 | 94 | 86.2 | 36 | 74 | 64.4 | 83.6 | 79.8 | |
| LRSetup=Few-shot Setup, Extra Training=true2024.06 | 77.06 | — | 63.67 | 97 | 84.6 | 66.07 | 94.9 | 84.7 | 37.93 | 75.37 | 74.43 | 88.4 | 80.57 | |
| PLOT++Shots=4, Venue=ICLR’232026.03 | 76.9 | — | 70.4 | 95.1 | 92.5 | 76.2 | 92.9 | 86.4 | 35.2 | 71.7 | 62.4 | 83.2 | 79.7 | |
| CoOp (16)Shots=8, Venue=IJCV’222026.03 | 76.8 | — | 70.6 | 94.5 | 91.3 | 79 | 94.9 | 82.7 | 38.5 | 71.9 | 64.8 | 77.1 | 80 | |
| CoOp (4)Shots=8, Venue=IJCV’222026.03 | 76.4 | — | 70.8 | 94.7 | 92.1 | 76.8 | 95 | 83.3 | 37 | 72.4 | 63.7 | 74.7 | 79.8 | |
| PLOTShot=16-shots2024.10 | 76.2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| KgCoOpShots=8, Venue=CVPR’232026.03 | 76 | — | 70.2 | 95.1 | 93 | 72.8 | 91.5 | 87 | 34.8 | 72.6 | 65.6 | 73.9 | 80 | |
| MaPLeShots=4, Venue=CVPR’232026.03 | 75.8 | — | 67.7 | 94.4 | 91.9 | 75.3 | 92.6 | 81.7 | 34.8 | 70.6 | 61 | 84.5 | 78.4 | |
| CoCoOpShots=16, Venue=CVPR’222026.03 | 75.3 | — | 71.1 | 95.1 | 93.4 | 72.3 | 89.1 | 87.4 | 33.3 | 72.6 | 63.7 | 73.6 | 77.2 | |
| TOGAShots=2, Venue=N/A2026.03 | 75 | — | 69.9 | 95 | 92.2 | 72.8 | 91.9 | 86.5 | 34.8 | 70.7 | 58.4 | 74.9 | 77.9 | |
| CoOpShots=4, Venue=IJCV’22, note=second entry in 4-shot block2026.03 | 74.2 | — | 70.6 | 94.5 | 92.5 | 74.4 | 92.2 | 84.5 | 30.9 | 69.7 | 59.5 | 69.7 | 77.6 | |
| PLOT++Shots=2, Venue=ICLR’232026.03 | 74 | — | 68.2 | 94.6 | 92.2 | 73.1 | 89.8 | 86.3 | 31.1 | 68 | 56.7 | 76.8 | 76.7 | |
| KgCoOpShots=4, Venue=CVPR’232026.03 | 73.9 | — | 70.2 | 95 | 92.6 | 69.5 | 87 | 86.9 | 32.2 | 71.5 | 58.7 | 71.8 | 77.6 | |
| ProGradShots=4, Venue=ICCV’232026.03 | 73.9 | — | 71.3 | 94.4 | 92.1 | 75 | 91.1 | 85.4 | 34.1 | 71.7 | 59.7 | 69.6 | 77.9 | |
| CoCoOpShots=8, Venue=CVPR’222026.03 | 73.8 | — | 70.8 | 94.9 | 93.3 | 70.4 | 86.3 | 87 | 32.4 | 71.5 | 60.1 | 69.1 | 75.9 | |
| Ours (Training-Free)Shot=4, Backbone=CLIP ViT-B/162026.03 | 73.5 | — | 67.9 | 94.2 | 89.7 | 70.6 | 88.8 | 85 | 33.1 | 71.3 | 62.2 | 69.4 | 76.6 | |
| CoOpShots=4, Venue=IJCV’222026.03 | 73 | — | 69.7 | 94.5 | 92.3 | 73.4 | 86.6 | 83.5 | 29.7 | 70.6 | 58.5 | 65.8 | 78.1 | |
| MaPLeShot=4, Backbone=CLIP ViT-B/162026.03 | 72.7 | — | 70.5 | 94.4 | 93.2 | 69.8 | 84.1 | 86.5 | 29.6 | 71.6 | 58.4 | 65.3 | 76.4 | |
| MaPLeShots=2, Venue=CVPR’232026.03 | 72.6 | — | 65.1 | 93.9 | 90.8 | 71.6 | 88.9 | 81.4 | 30.9 | 67.1 | 55.5 | 78.3 | 74.6 | |
| ProGradShots=2, Venue=ICCV’232026.03 | 72.4 | — | 69.1 | 93.6 | 91.5 | 72.4 | 87.5 | 84.8 | 31.1 | 69 | 56 | 66.3 | 75.6 | |
| TOGAShots=1, Venue=N/A2026.03 | 72.2 | — | 69.2 | 94.3 | 91.2 | 69.1 | 88.2 | 86.2 | 31 | 68.1 | 55.2 | 67.4 | 74.5 | |
| CoCoOpShots=4, Venue=CVPR’222026.03 | 71.8 | — | 70.8 | 94.8 | 92.7 | 69.5 | 81.5 | 86.3 | 30.6 | 70.4 | 55.7 | 61.7 | 75.3 | |
| KgCoOpShots=2, Venue=CVPR’232026.03 | 71.6 | — | 69.6 | 94.5 | 92.3 | 68.2 | 79.8 | 86.6 | 28 | 69.6 | 55.3 | 69.2 | 74.6 | |
| MatchingNetSetup=Few-shot Setup, Extra Training=false2024.06 | 71.2 | — | 55.87 | 95.57 | 75.53 | 58.17 | 91.83 | 79.97 | 33.6 | 68.17 | 66.33 | 82.73 | 75.43 | |
| CoOp (16)Shots=2, Venue=IJCV’222026.03 | 70.8 | — | 67 | 93.1 | 89.9 | 70.4 | 88 | 84.4 | 25.9 | 67 | 54.1 | 65.1 | 74.1 | |
| PLOT++Shots=1, Venue=ICLR’232026.03 | 70.7 | — | 66.4 | 94.3 | 91.8 | 68.8 | 80.4 | 86.1 | 28.6 | 66.7 | 54.5 | 65.4 | 74.3 | |
| CoOp (4)Shots=2, Venue=IJCV’222026.03 | 70.5 | — | 68.7 | 93 | 89.9 | 70.5 | 80.9 | 82.6 | 28.1 | 68 | 53.7 | 66.2 | 73.5 | |
| CoCoOpShots=2, Venue=CVPR’222026.03 | 70.4 | — | 70.1 | 94.4 | 91.9 | 68.4 | 77.8 | 85.9 | 29.3 | 69.4 | 52.3 | 61.8 | 73.4 | |
| KgCoOpShots=1, Venue=CVPR’232026.03 | 69.6 | — | 68.9 | 94.2 | 92.1 | 66.7 | 74.7 | 86.4 | 26.8 | 68.4 | 52.7 | 61.9 | 72.8 | |
| ProGradShots=1, Venue=ICCV’232026.03 | 69.5 | — | 67 | 93.5 | 91.4 | 68.2 | 80.9 | 84.9 | 28.8 | 67 | 52.8 | 57 | 73.3 | |
| CLIPSetup=Prompt Learning Setup, Extra Training=false2024.06 | 69.34 | — | 72.43 | 96.84 | 91.17 | 63.37 | 72.08 | 90.1 | 27.19 | 69.36 | 53.24 | 56.48 | 70.53 | |
| MaPLeShots=1, Venue=CVPR’232026.03 | 69.3 | — | 62.6 | 92.5 | 89.1 | 66.6 | 83.3 | 80.5 | 26.7 | 64.7 | 52.1 | 71.8 | 71.8 | |
| CoCoOpShots=1, Venue=CVPR’222026.03 | 68.8 | — | 69.4 | 94.1 | 91.9 | 67.6 | 73.4 | 84.9 | 28.1 | 68.7 | 52.6 | 55.4 | 70.4 | |
| CoOpShots=1, Venue=IJCV’22, note=second entry in 1-shot block2026.03 | 67.6 | — | 65.7 | 92.5 | 90.2 | 67.5 | 78.3 | 84.3 | 20.8 | 67 | 50.1 | 56.4 | 71.2 | |
| CoOpShots=1, Venue=IJCV’222026.03 | 67.2 | — | 68 | 93.2 | 90.3 | 67.1 | 72.7 | 82.6 | 26.2 | 67.3 | 50.1 | 50.9 | 70.7 | |
| CLIPShots=0, Venue=ICML’222026.03 | 65.1 | — | 66.7 | 92.9 | 89.1 | 65.3 | 71.4 | 86.1 | 24.7 | 62.6 | 43.6 | 47.5 | 66.7 | |
| Zero-ShotShot=0, Backbone=CLIP ViT-B/162026.03 | 65.1 | — | 66.7 | 92.9 | 89.1 | 65.3 | 71.4 | 86.1 | 24.7 | 62.6 | 43.6 | 47.5 | 66.7 | |
| MAMLSetup=Few-shot Setup, Extra Training=true2024.06 | 60.96 | — | 56.93 | 92.97 | 33.97 | 59.1 | 76.5 | 67.83 | 26.07 | 41.67 | 62.6 | 83.8 | 69.17 | |
| CLAPBackbone=ResNet-50, Shots (K)=12023.12 | — | 62.79 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| CLAPBackbone=ResNet-50, Shots (K)=22023.12 | — | 66.07 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| CLAPBackbone=ResNet-50, Shots (K)=42023.12 | — | 69.13 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| CLAPBackbone=ResNet-50, Shots (K)=82023.12 | — | 72.08 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| CLAPBackbone=ResNet-50, Shots (K)=162023.12 | — | 74.57 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| CLIP-AdapterBackbone=ResNet-50, Shots (K)=162023.12 | — | 73.35 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| CoOpBackbone=ResNet-50, Shots (K)=1, Type=Prompt-learning2023.12 | — | 59.56 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| CoOpBackbone=ResNet-50, Shots (K)=2, Type=Prompt-learning2023.12 | — | 61.78 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| CoOpBackbone=ResNet-50, Shots (K)=4, Type=Prompt-learning2023.12 | — | 66.47 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| CoOpBackbone=ResNet-50, Shots (K)=8, Type=Prompt-learning2023.12 | — | 69.85 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| CoOpBackbone=ResNet-50, Shots (K)=16, Type=Prompt-learning2023.12 | — | 73.33 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| CrossModal-LPBackbone=ResNet-50, Shots (K)=162023.12 | — | 73.65 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| PLOTBackbone=ResNet-50, Shots (K)=1, Type=Prompt-learning2023.12 | — | 62.59 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| PLOTBackbone=ResNet-50, Shots (K)=2, Type=Prompt-learning2023.12 | — | 65.23 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| PLOTBackbone=ResNet-50, Shots (K)=4, Type=Prompt-learning2023.12 | — | 68.6 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| PLOTBackbone=ResNet-50, Shots (K)=8, Type=Prompt-learning2023.12 | — | 71.23 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| PLOTBackbone=ResNet-50, Shots (K)=16, Type=Prompt-learning2023.12 | — | 73.94 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| ProGradBackbone=ResNet-50, Shots (K)=1, Type=Prompt-learning2023.12 | — | 62.61 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| ProGradBackbone=ResNet-50, Shots (K)=2, Type=Prompt-learning2023.12 | — | 64.9 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| ProGradBackbone=ResNet-50, Shots (K)=4, Type=Prompt-learning2023.12 | — | 68.45 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| ProGradBackbone=ResNet-50, Shots (K)=8, Type=Prompt-learning2023.12 | — | 71.41 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| ProGradBackbone=ResNet-50, Shots (K)=16, Type=Prompt-learning2023.12 | — | 74.28 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Rand. Init LPBackbone=ResNet-50, Shots (K)=12023.12 | — | 30.42 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Rand. Init LPBackbone=ResNet-50, Shots (K)=162023.12 | — | 67.54 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| TaskRes(e)Backbone=ResNet-50, Shots (K)=162023.12 | — | 74.42 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| TIP-AdapterBackbone=ResNet-50, Shots (K)=162023.12 | — | 64.61 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| TIP-Adapter(f)Backbone=ResNet-50, Shots (K)=162023.12 | — | 71.4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Zero-ShotBackbone=ResNet-50, Shots (K)=12023.12 | — | 57.71 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| ZS-LPBackbone=ResNet-50, Shots (K)=12023.12 | — | 61.28 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| ZS-LPBackbone=ResNet-50, Shots (K)=162023.12 | — | 74.37 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |