Few-shot Image Classification on 11 CLIP Target Datasets

83.8Average AccuracyCLIP-LoRA + Ours

Evaluation Results

Method
CLIP-LoRA + Ours2026.03	83.8	—	73.3	96.4	92.8	85.8	98.4	85.8	57.5	77.3	74.5	92.7	87.2
OVMR†2024.06	83.72	—	76.87	98.27	94.23	79.67	98.53	89.13	43.07	82.4	80.37	93.07	85.3
CLIP-LoRA2026.03	83	—	73.6	96.4	92.4	86.3	98	84.2	54.7	76.1	72	92.1	86.7
CoOp2024.06	82.69	—	76.47	98	93.67	78.12	97.6	88.33	40.44	80.6	79.44	92.19	81.69
OVMR2024.06	82.34	—	76.77	98	94.97	73.93	97.83	89.93	40.37	81.83	77.1	90	85.03
OVMR2024.06	82.34	—	76.77	98	94.97	73.93	97.83	89.93	40.37	81.83	77.1	90	85.03
TOGA2026.03	82.3	—	72.3	96.3	93.4	85.3	98.3	87.5	48.4	76.2	73.6	89.4	84.9
MaPLe2024.06	82.28	—	76.66	97.74	95.43	72.94	95.92	90.71	37.44	80.82	80.36	94.07	83
URL2024.06	82.13	—	72.07	97.77	89.27	78.17	97.23	87.4	44.53	79.97	80.77	92	82.13
PLOT++2026.03	82.1	—	72.6	96	93.5	84.5	97.5	87.1	46.7	76	71.4	92	85.3
MaPLe + Ours2026.03	81.9	—	72.6	95.6	93.3	82.7	98	87	47	76.7	72.9	90.7	84
MaPLe2026.03	81.8	—	72.3	96	92.8	83.5	97	85.3	48.4	75.5	71.3	92.3	85
CC2024.06	80.51	—	70.83	97.23	86.53	75.27	96.97	87.07	41.3	79.53	76.83	91.07	83
CoCoOp2024.06	80.47	—	75.98	97.96	95.2	70.49	94.87	90.7	33.41	79.74	77.01	87.49	82.33
IPO2024.10	80.21	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
TOGA2026.03	80	—	71.5	95.8	93.4	78.2	97.3	86.8	44.2	75.1	69.6	84.1	83.9
CoOp (16)2026.03	80	—	71.9	95.8	92	82.9	96.8	84.2	43.2	74.9	69.7	85	83.1
ProGrad2026.03	79.9	—	72.1	95.9	92.8	82.9	96.6	85.8	43	75.1	68.8	83.6	82.7
PLOT++2026.03	79.6	—	71.3	95.5	93	81.2	95.4	86.5	41.4	73.9	66.4	88.3	82.8
Ours (Training-Free)2026.03	79.4	—	71.4	95.3	92.3	79.6	96.2	86.5	41	75.7	71.9	81.6	82
CEPA2024.06	79.02	—	69	97.1	88.1	71.7	96.1	85.2	39.1	78.1	73.7	90.7	80.4
CoOp2026.03	79	—	71.5	95.5	92.4	79.1	96.4	85.1	40.1	74.6	69.2	83.5	81.9
MaPLe2026.03	78.9	—	70.3	95.2	92.5	79.4	95.8	83.6	42	73.2	66.5	87.7	81.3
LFA2024.10	78.83	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
CLIP-LoRA + Ours2026.03	78.4	—	71.8	94.9	91.7	77.5	95.1	83.5	39.6	74.4	65.7	85.8	82.4
MaPLe2026.03	78.2	—	71.9	95.3	93.3	74.7	93.9	87.5	36	74.3	67.5	85.1	81.1
TOGA2026.03	77.9	—	71	95.7	92.7	76.7	96.4	86.7	38.3	73.2	64.5	80.3	81.7
ProGrad2026.03	77.4	—	71.3	94.8	92.2	78.7	95	86.1	37.7	73	63.9	77.8	80.5
CLIP-LoRA2026.03	77.4	—	71.4	95.2	91	77.4	93.7	82.7	37.9	72.8	63.8	84.9	81.1
PN2024.06	77.32	—	65.77	96.13	83.37	76.3	96.13	84.93	40.43	76.3	72.2	86.87	80.53
KgCoOp2026.03	77.3	—	70.4	95.2	93.2	74.8	93.4	87.2	36.5	73.3	68.7	76.2	81.7
MaPLe + Ours2026.03	77.3	—	71.1	94.9	92.8	74	94	86.2	36	74	64.4	83.6	79.8
LR2024.06	77.06	—	63.67	97	84.6	66.07	94.9	84.7	37.93	75.37	74.43	88.4	80.57
PLOT++2026.03	76.9	—	70.4	95.1	92.5	76.2	92.9	86.4	35.2	71.7	62.4	83.2	79.7
CoOp (16)2026.03	76.8	—	70.6	94.5	91.3	79	94.9	82.7	38.5	71.9	64.8	77.1	80
CoOp (4)2026.03	76.4	—	70.8	94.7	92.1	76.8	95	83.3	37	72.4	63.7	74.7	79.8
PLOT2024.10	76.2	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
KgCoOp2026.03	76	—	70.2	95.1	93	72.8	91.5	87	34.8	72.6	65.6	73.9	80
MaPLe2026.03	75.8	—	67.7	94.4	91.9	75.3	92.6	81.7	34.8	70.6	61	84.5	78.4
CoCoOp2026.03	75.3	—	71.1	95.1	93.4	72.3	89.1	87.4	33.3	72.6	63.7	73.6	77.2
TOGA2026.03	75	—	69.9	95	92.2	72.8	91.9	86.5	34.8	70.7	58.4	74.9	77.9
CoOp2026.03	74.2	—	70.6	94.5	92.5	74.4	92.2	84.5	30.9	69.7	59.5	69.7	77.6
PLOT++2026.03	74	—	68.2	94.6	92.2	73.1	89.8	86.3	31.1	68	56.7	76.8	76.7
KgCoOp2026.03	73.9	—	70.2	95	92.6	69.5	87	86.9	32.2	71.5	58.7	71.8	77.6
ProGrad2026.03	73.9	—	71.3	94.4	92.1	75	91.1	85.4	34.1	71.7	59.7	69.6	77.9
CoCoOp2026.03	73.8	—	70.8	94.9	93.3	70.4	86.3	87	32.4	71.5	60.1	69.1	75.9
Ours (Training-Free)2026.03	73.5	—	67.9	94.2	89.7	70.6	88.8	85	33.1	71.3	62.2	69.4	76.6
CoOp2026.03	73	—	69.7	94.5	92.3	73.4	86.6	83.5	29.7	70.6	58.5	65.8	78.1
MaPLe2026.03	72.7	—	70.5	94.4	93.2	69.8	84.1	86.5	29.6	71.6	58.4	65.3	76.4
MaPLe2026.03	72.6	—	65.1	93.9	90.8	71.6	88.9	81.4	30.9	67.1	55.5	78.3	74.6
ProGrad2026.03	72.4	—	69.1	93.6	91.5	72.4	87.5	84.8	31.1	69	56	66.3	75.6
TOGA2026.03	72.2	—	69.2	94.3	91.2	69.1	88.2	86.2	31	68.1	55.2	67.4	74.5
CoCoOp2026.03	71.8	—	70.8	94.8	92.7	69.5	81.5	86.3	30.6	70.4	55.7	61.7	75.3
KgCoOp2026.03	71.6	—	69.6	94.5	92.3	68.2	79.8	86.6	28	69.6	55.3	69.2	74.6
MatchingNet2024.06	71.2	—	55.87	95.57	75.53	58.17	91.83	79.97	33.6	68.17	66.33	82.73	75.43
CoOp (16)2026.03	70.8	—	67	93.1	89.9	70.4	88	84.4	25.9	67	54.1	65.1	74.1
PLOT++2026.03	70.7	—	66.4	94.3	91.8	68.8	80.4	86.1	28.6	66.7	54.5	65.4	74.3
CoOp (4)2026.03	70.5	—	68.7	93	89.9	70.5	80.9	82.6	28.1	68	53.7	66.2	73.5
CoCoOp2026.03	70.4	—	70.1	94.4	91.9	68.4	77.8	85.9	29.3	69.4	52.3	61.8	73.4
KgCoOp2026.03	69.6	—	68.9	94.2	92.1	66.7	74.7	86.4	26.8	68.4	52.7	61.9	72.8
ProGrad2026.03	69.5	—	67	93.5	91.4	68.2	80.9	84.9	28.8	67	52.8	57	73.3
CLIP2024.06	69.34	—	72.43	96.84	91.17	63.37	72.08	90.1	27.19	69.36	53.24	56.48	70.53
MaPLe2026.03	69.3	—	62.6	92.5	89.1	66.6	83.3	80.5	26.7	64.7	52.1	71.8	71.8
CoCoOp2026.03	68.8	—	69.4	94.1	91.9	67.6	73.4	84.9	28.1	68.7	52.6	55.4	70.4
CoOp2026.03	67.6	—	65.7	92.5	90.2	67.5	78.3	84.3	20.8	67	50.1	56.4	71.2
CoOp2026.03	67.2	—	68	93.2	90.3	67.1	72.7	82.6	26.2	67.3	50.1	50.9	70.7
CLIP2026.03	65.1	—	66.7	92.9	89.1	65.3	71.4	86.1	24.7	62.6	43.6	47.5	66.7
Zero-Shot2026.03	65.1	—	66.7	92.9	89.1	65.3	71.4	86.1	24.7	62.6	43.6	47.5	66.7
MAML2024.06	60.96	—	56.93	92.97	33.97	59.1	76.5	67.83	26.07	41.67	62.6	83.8	69.17
CLAP2023.12	—	62.79	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
CLAP2023.12	—	66.07	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
CLAP2023.12	—	69.13	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
CLAP2023.12	—	72.08	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
CLAP2023.12	—	74.57	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
CLIP-Adapter2023.12	—	73.35	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
CoOp2023.12	—	59.56	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
CoOp2023.12	—	61.78	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
CoOp2023.12	—	66.47	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
CoOp2023.12	—	69.85	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
CoOp2023.12	—	73.33	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
CrossModal-LP2023.12	—	73.65	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
PLOT2023.12	—	62.59	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
PLOT2023.12	—	65.23	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
PLOT2023.12	—	68.6	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
PLOT2023.12	—	71.23	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
PLOT2023.12	—	73.94	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
ProGrad2023.12	—	62.61	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
ProGrad2023.12	—	64.9	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
ProGrad2023.12	—	68.45	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
ProGrad2023.12	—	71.41	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
ProGrad2023.12	—	74.28	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Rand. Init LP2023.12	—	30.42	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Rand. Init LP2023.12	—	67.54	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
TaskRes(e)2023.12	—	74.42	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
TIP-Adapter2023.12	—	64.61	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
TIP-Adapter(f)2023.12	—	71.4	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Zero-Shot2023.12	—	57.71	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
ZS-LP2023.12	—	61.28	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
ZS-LP2023.12	—	74.37	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—