Few-Shot Class-Incremental Learning on CIFAR100 (Session 0-8 Protocol)
91.36Accuracy (S0)Fine-Tuning + Proto
Evaluation results
| Method | Links | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fine-Tuning + ProtoBackbone=ViT-B/162024.04 | 91.36 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 5.19 | — | — | 37.04 | — | |
| PriViLegeBackbone=ViT-B/162024.04 | 90.88 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 86.06 | — | — | 88.08 | — | |
| NC-FSCILBackbone=ViT-B/162024.04 | 89.51 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 53.7 | — | — | 68.96 | — | |
| WaRPBackbone=ViT-B/162024.04 | 86.2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 65.48 | — | — | 74.55 | — | |
| DualPromptBackbone=ViT-B/162024.04 | 85.11 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 50.93 | — | — | 65.45 | — | |
| O-FSCILBackbone=ResNet12, Precision=FP32, Model Size=51.6 MB, Iterative FCR fine-tuning=false2024.03 | 84.05 | 79.1 | 74.23 | 69.96 | 66.92 | 63.89 | 61.67 | 59.51 | 57.1 | — | — | 68.52 | — | |
| O-FSCILBackbone=ResNet12, Precision=FP32, Model Size=51.6 MB, Iterative FCR fine-tuning=true2024.03 | 84.02 | 79.08 | 74.34 | 70.11 | 66.95 | 64 | 61.86 | 59.72 | 57.5 | — | — | 68.62 | — | |
| CD2Backbone=ResNet12, FSCIL Setting=5-way 5-shot2026.01 | 83.32 | 79.42 | 74.96 | 70.33 | 67.28 | 64.21 | 61.35 | 59.81 | 57.36 | — | — | 68.67 | — | |
| L2PBackbone=ViT-B/162024.04 | 83.29 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 49.87 | — | — | 64.08 | — | |
| Mamba-FSCILBackbone=R-122024.07 | 82.95 | 77.87 | 74.12 | 69.67 | 66.75 | 63.62 | 61.44 | 59.8 | 57.52 | 25.43 | — | 68.19 | — | |
| Revisting-FSCILBackbone=ResNet12, FSCIL Setting=5-way 5-shot2026.01 | 82.9 | 76.3 | 72.9 | 67.8 | 65.2 | 62 | 60.7 | 58.8 | 56.6 | — | 1.65 | 67.02 | — | |
| YourSelfBackbone=ViT (10.0M)2024.07 | 82.9 | 76.3 | 72.9 | 67.8 | 65.2 | 62 | 60.7 | 58.8 | 56.6 | 26.3 | — | 67.02 | — | |
| Mamba-FSCILBackbone=R-18, Protocol=High Base Accuracy2024.07 | 82.78 | 77.82 | 74.17 | 69.77 | 66.51 | 62.81 | 61.24 | 59.64 | 57.45 | 25.33 | — | 68.02 | — | |
| NC-FSCILBackbone=ResNet12, Precision=FP32, Model Size=51.6 MB, Iterative FCR fine-tuning=false2024.03 | 82.52 | 76.82 | 73.34 | 69.68 | 66.19 | 62.85 | 60.96 | 59.02 | 56.11 | — | — | 67.5 | — | |
| NC-FSCILBackbone=ResNet12, FSCIL Setting=5-way 5-shot2026.01 | 82.52 | 76.82 | 73.34 | 69.68 | 66.19 | 62.85 | 60.96 | 59.02 | 56.11 | — | 1.17 | 67.5 | — | |
| NC-FSCILBackbone=R-122024.07 | 82.52 | 76.82 | 73.34 | 69.68 | 66.19 | 62.85 | 60.96 | 59.02 | 56.11 | 26.41 | — | 67.5 | — | |
| O-FSCILBackbone=MobileNetV2_x4, Precision=FP32, Model Size=10.0 MB, Iterative FCR fine-tuning=true2024.03 | 81.9 | 77.31 | 72.9 | 68.48 | 65.09 | 61.91 | 59.73 | 57.72 | 55.45 | — | — | 66.75 | — | |
| O-FSCILBackbone=MobileNetV2_x4, Precision=FP32, Model Size=10.0 MB, Iterative FCR fine-tuning=false2024.03 | 81.79 | 77.37 | 72.73 | 68.42 | 64.87 | 61.76 | 59.76 | 57.21 | 54.95 | — | — | 66.54 | — | |
| O-FSCILBackbone=MobileNetV2_x4, Precision=INT8, Model Size=2.5 MB, Iterative FCR fine-tuning=false2024.03 | 81.56 | 76.81 | 72.56 | 68.32 | 64.95 | 61.94 | 59.65 | 57.47 | 55.33 | — | — | 66.51 | — | |
| O-FSCILBackbone=MobileNetV2_x4, Precision=INT8, Model Size=2.5 MB, Iterative FCR fine-tuning=true2024.03 | 81.53 | 76.82 | 72.54 | 68.44 | 64.81 | 61.76 | 59.65 | 57.78 | 55.72 | — | — | 66.56 | — | |
| DCSBackbone=ResNet-122025.10 | 81.09 | 75.96 | 72.06 | 67.35 | 64.38 | 62.13 | 60.05 | 58.99 | 55.21 | — | — | 66.36 | — | |
| ALFSCILBackbone=ResNet-122025.10 | 80.75 | 77.88 | 72.94 | 68.79 | 65.33 | 62.15 | 60.02 | 57.68 | 55.17 | — | — | 66.75 | — | |
| ALFSCILBackbone=R-182024.07 | 80.75 | 77.88 | 72.94 | 68.79 | 65.33 | 62.15 | 60.02 | 57.68 | 55.17 | 25.58 | — | 66.75 | — | |
| Mamba-FSCILBackbone=R-18, Protocol=Mid-High Base Accuracy2024.07 | 80.5 | 77.25 | 73.73 | 68.9 | 65.41 | 62.44 | 61.03 | 58.34 | 56.59 | 23.91 | — | 67.13 | — | |
| WaRPBackbone=ResNet12, FSCIL Setting=5-way 5-shot2026.01 | 80.31 | 75.86 | 71.87 | 67.58 | 64.39 | 61.34 | 59.15 | 57.1 | 54.74 | — | 2.85 | 65.82 | — | |
| Ours (bag of tricks)way=5-way, shot=5-shot2024.03 | 80.25 | 77.2 | 75.09 | 70.82 | 67.83 | 64.86 | 62.73 | 60.52 | 58.55 | — | — | — | — | |
| OrCoBackbone=ResNet12, FSCIL Setting=5-way 5-shot2026.01 | 80.08 | 68.16 | 66.99 | 60.97 | 59.78 | 58.6 | 57.04 | 55.13 | 52.19 | — | 6.56 | 62.11 | — | |
| ADBSBackbone=ResNet-122025.10 | 79.93 | 75.22 | 71.11 | 65.99 | 62.46 | 58.38 | 55.96 | 53.72 | 51.15 | — | — | 63.77 | — | |
| SoftNetway=5-way, shot=5-shot2024.03 | 79.88 | 75.54 | 71.64 | 67.47 | 64.45 | 61.09 | 59.07 | 57.29 | 55.33 | — | — | — | — | |
| SAVCway=5-way, shot=5-shot2024.03 | 79.85 | 73.7 | 69.37 | 65.28 | 61.91 | 59.27 | 57.24 | 54.97 | 53.12 | — | — | — | — | |
| OrCoBackbone=ResNet-122025.10 | 79.77 | 63.29 | 62.39 | 60.13 | 58.76 | 56.56 | 55.49 | 54.19 | 51.12 | — | — | 60.19 | — | |
| CABDBackbone=ResNet12, FSCIL Setting=5-way 5-shot2026.01 | 79.45 | 75.38 | 71.84 | 67.95 | 64.96 | 61.95 | 60.16 | 57.67 | 55.88 | — | 2.53 | 66.14 | — | |
| CABDBackbone=R-182024.07 | 79.45 | 75.38 | 71.84 | 67.95 | 64.96 | 61.95 | 60.16 | 57.67 | 55.88 | 23.57 | — | 66.14 | — | |
| ALICEBackbone=ResNet18, Precision=FP32, Model Size=66.8 MB, Iterative FCR fine-tuning=false2024.03 | 79 | 70.5 | 67.1 | 63.4 | 61.2 | 59.2 | 58.1 | 56.3 | 54.1 | — | — | 63.21 | — | |
| ALICEway=5-way, shot=5-shot2024.03 | 79 | 70.5 | 67.1 | 63.4 | 61.2 | 59.2 | 58.1 | 56.3 | 54.1 | — | — | — | — | |
| ALICEBackbone=ResNet12, FSCIL Setting=5-way 5-shot2026.01 | 79 | 70.5 | 67.1 | 63.4 | 61.2 | 59.2 | 58.1 | 56.3 | 54.1 | — | 5.46 | 63.21 | — | |
| ALICEBackbone=R-182024.07 | 79 | 70.5 | 67.1 | 63.4 | 61.2 | 59.2 | 58.1 | 56.3 | 54.1 | 24.9 | — | 63.21 | — | |
| SAVCBackbone=ResNet-122025.10 | 78.77 | 73.31 | 69.31 | 64.93 | 61.7 | 59.25 | 57.13 | 55.19 | 53.12 | — | — | 63.63 | — | |
| SAVCBackbone=R-202024.07 | 78.77 | 73.31 | 69.31 | 64.93 | 61.7 | 59.25 | 57.13 | 55.19 | 53.12 | 25.65 | — | 63.63 | — | |
| SAVCBackbone=ResNet12, Precision=FP32, Model Size=51.6 MB, Iterative FCR fine-tuning=false2024.03 | 78.47 | 72.86 | 68.31 | 64 | 60.96 | 58.28 | 56.17 | 53.91 | 51.63 | — | — | 62.73 | — | |
| O-FSCILBackbone=MobileNetV2_x2, Precision=FP32, Model Size=10.0 MB, Iterative FCR fine-tuning=false2024.03 | 78.37 | 73.47 | 69.2 | 64.94 | 61.2 | 58.24 | 55.33 | 53.49 | 51.51 | — | — | 62.86 | — | |
| MICSBackbone=ResNet12, FSCIL Setting=5-way 5-shot2026.01 | 78.18 | 73.49 | 68.97 | 65.01 | 62.25 | 59.34 | 57.31 | 55.11 | 52.94 | — | 5.05 | 63.62 | — | |
| O-FSCILBackbone=MobileNetV2_x2, Precision=INT8, Model Size=2.5 MB, Iterative FCR fine-tuning=false2024.03 | 78.13 | 73.54 | 69.27 | 65.13 | 61.85 | 58.73 | 56.21 | 54.04 | 51.81 | — | — | 63.19 | — | |
| SAFA-SNNArchitecture=Spiking ResNet-18, Trainable Parameters=-2025.10 | 77.57 | 72.32 | 67.41 | 62.79 | 59.35 | 56.31 | 53.63 | 50.92 | 48.41 | — | — | 60.97 | — | |
| O-FSCILBackbone=MobileNetV2, Precision=FP32, Model Size=10.0 MB, Iterative FCR fine-tuning=false2024.03 | 77.51 | 72.82 | 68.41 | 64.25 | 61.24 | 57.98 | 55.32 | 53.03 | 50.73 | — | — | 62.37 | — | |
| C-FSCILBackbone=ResNet12, Precision=FP32, Model Size=51.6 MB, Iterative FCR fine-tuning=false2024.03 | 77.47 | 72.4 | 67.47 | 63.25 | 59.84 | 56.95 | 54.42 | 52.47 | 50.47 | — | — | 61.64 | — | |
| C-FSCILway=5-way, shot=5-shot2024.03 | 77.47 | 72.4 | 67.47 | 63.25 | 59.84 | 56.95 | 54.42 | 52.47 | 50.47 | — | — | — | — | |
| C-FSCILBackbone=ResNet12, FSCIL Setting=5-way 5-shot2026.01 | 77.47 | 72.4 | 67.47 | 63.25 | 59.84 | 56.95 | 54.42 | 52.47 | 50.47 | — | 7.03 | 61.64 | — | |
| C-FSCILBackbone=R-122024.07 | 77.47 | 72.4 | 67.47 | 63.25 | 59.84 | 56.95 | 54.42 | 52.47 | 50.47 | 27 | — | 61.64 | — | |
| O-FSCILBackbone=MobileNetV2, Precision=INT8, Model Size=2.5 MB, Iterative FCR fine-tuning=false2024.03 | 76.97 | 72.46 | 68.24 | 64.19 | 61.07 | 58.14 | 56.01 | 53.55 | 51.37 | — | — | 62.44 | — | |
| SAFA-SNNBackbone=Spiking VGG-11, Incremental learning setting=5way-5shot2025.10 | 76.95 | 71.2 | 66 | 61.81 | 58.14 | 54.74 | 51.94 | 49.16 | 46.9 | — | — | 58.12 | — | |
| DyCRBackbone=ResNet-122025.10 | 75.73 | 73.29 | 68.71 | 64.8 | 62.11 | 59.25 | 56.7 | 54.56 | 52.24 | — | — | 63.04 | — | |
| WSNArchitecture=ResNet-18, Trainable Parameters=θ_*, m_{soft}2025.10 | 75.7 | 25.2 | 40.6 | 32.3 | 40.5 | 43.8 | 40.8 | 45.1 | 37.1 | — | — | 42.34 | 11.31 | |
| FeSSSSBackbone=R-18+R-502024.07 | 75.35 | 70.81 | 66.7 | 62.73 | 59.62 | 56.45 | 54.33 | 52.1 | 50.23 | 25.12 | — | 60.92 | — | |
| TEENBackbone=ResNet-122025.10 | 74.92 | 72.65 | 68.74 | 65.01 | 62.01 | 59.29 | 57.9 | 54.76 | 52.64 | — | — | 63.1 | — | |
| TEENBackbone=R-182024.07 | 74.92 | 72.65 | 68.74 | 65.01 | 62.01 | 59.29 | 57.9 | 54.76 | 52.64 | 22.28 | — | 63.1 | — | |
| Mamba-FSCILBackbone=R-18, Protocol=Mid-Low Base Accuracy2024.07 | 74.92 | 72.58 | 69.21 | 65.04 | 63.06 | 59.94 | 58.16 | 55.75 | 52.74 | 22.18 | — | 63.49 | — | |
| FACTway=5-way, shot=5-shot2024.03 | 74.6 | 72.09 | 67.56 | 63.52 | 61.38 | 58.36 | 56.28 | 54.24 | 52.1 | — | — | — | — | |
| FACTBackbone=ResNet12, FSCIL Setting=5-way 5-shot2026.01 | 74.6 | 72.09 | 67.56 | 63.52 | 61.38 | 58.36 | 56.28 | 54.24 | 52.1 | — | 6.43 | 62.24 | — | |
| FACTBackbone=ResNet-122025.10 | 74.6 | 72.09 | 67.56 | 63.52 | 61.38 | 58.36 | 56.28 | 54.24 | 52.1 | — | — | 62.24 | — | |
| FACTBackbone=R-202024.07 | 74.6 | 72.09 | 67.56 | 63.52 | 61.38 | 58.36 | 56.28 | 54.24 | 52.1 | 22.5 | — | 62.24 | — | |
| Decoupled-CosineBackbone=ResNet202022.03 | 74.55 | 67.43 | 63.63 | 59.55 | 56.11 | 53.8 | 51.68 | 49.67 | 47.68 | 26.87 | 4.29 | — | — | |
| MetaFSCILBackbone=ResNet20, Precision=FP32, Model Size=1.08 MB, Iterative FCR fine-tuning=false2024.03 | 74.5 | 70.1 | 66.84 | 62.77 | 59.48 | 56.52 | 54.36 | 52.56 | 49.97 | — | — | 60.79 | — | |
| MetaFSCILway=5-way, shot=5-shot2024.03 | 74.5 | 70.1 | 66.84 | 62.77 | 59.48 | 56.52 | 54.36 | 52.56 | 49.97 | — | — | — | — | |
| MetaFSCILBackbone=R-202024.07 | 74.5 | 70.1 | 66.84 | 62.77 | 59.48 | 56.52 | 54.36 | 52.56 | 49.97 | 24.53 | — | 60.79 | — | |
| Data-freeBackbone=R-202024.07 | 74.4 | 70.2 | 66.54 | 62.51 | 59.71 | 56.58 | 54.52 | 52.39 | 50.14 | 24.26 | — | 60.78 | — | |
| CECBackbone=ViT-B/162024.04 | 74.2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 61.48 | — | — | 67.1 | — | |
| CLOMway=5-way, shot=5-shot2024.03 | 74.2 | 69.83 | 66.17 | 62.39 | 59.26 | 56.48 | 54.36 | 52.16 | 50.25 | — | — | — | — | |
| GKEALBackbone=ResNet12, FSCIL Setting=5-way 5-shot2026.01 | 74.01 | 70.45 | 67.01 | 63.08 | 60.01 | 57.3 | 55.5 | 53.39 | 51.4 | — | 7.32 | 61.35 | — | |
| LIMITBackbone=ResNet202022.03 | 73.81 | 72.09 | 67.87 | 63.89 | 60.7 | 57.77 | 55.67 | 53.52 | 51.23 | 22.58 | — | — | — | |
| LIMITBackbone=ResNet20, Precision=FP32, Model Size=1.08 MB, Iterative FCR fine-tuning=false2024.03 | 73.81 | 72.09 | 67.87 | 63.89 | 60.7 | 57.77 | 55.67 | 53.52 | 51.23 | — | — | 61.84 | — | |
| LIMITway=5-way, shot=5-shot2024.03 | 73.81 | 72.09 | 67.87 | 63.89 | 60.7 | 57.77 | 55.67 | 53.52 | 51.23 | — | — | — | — | |
| LIMITBackbone=R-202024.07 | 73.81 | 72.09 | 67.87 | 63.89 | 60.7 | 57.77 | 55.67 | 53.52 | 51.23 | 22.58 | — | 61.84 | — | |
| Mamba-FSCILBackbone=R-18, Protocol=Low-Base Accuracy2024.07 | 73.58 | 72.18 | 68.39 | 64.17 | 61.86 | 58.19 | 56.47 | 54.85 | 52.5 | 21.08 | — | 62.47 | — | |
| MCNetBackbone=ResNet12, FSCIL Setting=5-way 5-shot2026.01 | 73.3 | 69.34 | 65.72 | 61.7 | 58.75 | 56.44 | 54.59 | 53.01 | 50.72 | — | 8.27 | 60.4 | — | |
| CEC + AutoAugBackbone=ResNet20, Data Augmentation=AutoAug2022.03 | 73.17 | 69.06 | 65.31 | 61.21 | 57.92 | 55.82 | 53.47 | 51.67 | 49.55 | 23.62 | 1.04 | — | — | |
| CECBackbone=ResNet202022.03 | 73.07 | 68.88 | 65.26 | 61.19 | 58.09 | 55.57 | 53.22 | 51.34 | 49.14 | 23.93 | 1.35 | — | — | |
| CECway=5-way, shot=5-shot2024.03 | 73.07 | 68.88 | 65.26 | 61.19 | 58.09 | 55.57 | 53.22 | 51.34 | 49.14 | — | — | — | — | |
| CECBackbone=ResNet-122025.10 | 73.07 | 68.88 | 65.26 | 61.19 | 58.09 | 55.57 | 53.22 | 51.34 | 49.14 | — | — | 59.53 | — | |
| CECBackbone=R-202024.07 | 73.07 | 68.88 | 65.26 | 61.19 | 58.09 | 55.57 | 53.22 | 51.34 | 49.14 | 23.93 | — | 59.53 | — | |
| LIMIT†Backbone=ResNet20, Data Augmentation=random crop and random horizontal flip2022.03 | 73.02 | 70.76 | 67.45 | 63.38 | 59.97 | 56.9 | 54.84 | 52.18 | 49.92 | 23.1 | — | — | — | |
| DSNBackbone=R-182024.07 | 73 | 68.83 | 64.82 | 62.24 | 59.16 | 56.96 | 54.04 | 51.57 | 49.35 | 23.65 | — | 60 | — | |
| SoftNetBackbone=ResNet12, FSCIL Setting=5-way 5-shot2026.01 | 72.62 | 67.31 | 63.05 | 59.39 | 56 | 53.23 | 51.06 | 48.83 | 46.63 | — | 11.1 | 57.57 | — | |
| SoftNetArchitecture=ResNet-18, Trainable Parameters=m_{soft}2025.10 | 72.62 | 67.31 | 63.05 | 59.39 | 56 | 53.23 | 51.06 | 48.83 | 46.63 | — | — | 57.57 | 1.78 | |
| Baselineway=5-way, shot=5-shot2024.03 | 70.05 | 65.37 | 60.59 | 56.72 | 53.38 | 50.53 | 48.07 | 45.87 | 43.77 | — | — | — | — | |
| Decoupled-DeepEMDBackbone=ResNet202022.03 | 69.75 | 65.06 | 61.2 | 57.21 | 53.88 | 51.4 | 48.8 | 46.84 | 44.41 | 25.34 | 2.76 | — | — | |
| FSLL+SSway=5-way, shot=5-shot2024.03 | 68.85 | 63.14 | 59.24 | 55.23 | 52.24 | 49.65 | 47.74 | 45.23 | 43.92 | — | — | — | — | |
| CLOSERBackbone=Spiking VGG-11, Incremental learning setting=5way-5shot2025.10 | 67.87 | 63.52 | 59.57 | 56.15 | 52.83 | 49.89 | 47.54 | 45.43 | 43.38 | — | — | 54.02 | 3.52 | |
| F2Mway=5-way, shot=5-shot2024.03 | 67.28 | 63.8 | 60.38 | 57.06 | 54.08 | 51.39 | 48.82 | 46.58 | 44.65 | — | — | — | — | |
| FSLLway=5-way, shot=5-shot2024.03 | 66.48 | 61.75 | 58.16 | 54.16 | 51.1 | 48.53 | 46.54 | 44.2 | 42.28 | — | — | — | — | |
| IDLVQ-Cway=5-way, shot=5-shot2024.03 | 64.77 | 59.87 | 55.93 | 52.62 | 49.88 | 47.55 | 44.83 | 43.14 | 41.84 | — | — | — | — | |
| CECBackbone=Spiking VGG-11, Incremental learning setting=5way-5shot2025.10 | 64.37 | 59.85 | 55.89 | 52.04 | 48.88 | 46.37 | 43.92 | 41.72 | 39.6 | — | — | 50.63 | 7.3 | |
| TEENBackbone=Spiking VGG-11, Incremental learning setting=5way-5shot2025.10 | 64.3 | 59.79 | 55.73 | 51.91 | 48.86 | 46.14 | 43.68 | 41.42 | 39.34 | — | — | 50.79 | 7.56 | |
| FinetuneBackbone=ResNet202022.03 | 64.1 | 39.61 | 15.37 | 9.8 | 6.67 | 3.8 | 3.7 | 3.14 | 2.65 | 61.45 | 38.87 | — | — | |
| iCaRLBackbone=ResNet202022.03 | 64.1 | 53.28 | 41.69 | 34.13 | 27.93 | 25.06 | 20.41 | 15.48 | 13.73 | 50.37 | 27.79 | — | — | |
| EEILBackbone=ResNet202022.03 | 64.1 | 53.11 | 43.71 | 35.15 | 28.96 | 24.98 | 21.01 | 17.26 | 15.85 | 48.25 | 25.67 | — | — | |
| RebalancingBackbone=ResNet202022.03 | 64.1 | 53.05 | 43.96 | 36.97 | 31.61 | 26.73 | 21.23 | 16.78 | 13.54 | 50.56 | 27.98 | — | — | |
| TOPICBackbone=ResNet202022.03 | 64.1 | 55.88 | 47.07 | 45.16 | 40.11 | 36.38 | 33.96 | 31.55 | 29.37 | 34.73 | 12.15 | — | — | |
| iCaRlBackbone=ResNet12, FSCIL Setting=5-way 5-shot2026.01 | 64.1 | 53.28 | 41.69 | 34.13 | 27.93 | 25.06 | 20.41 | 15.48 | 13.73 | — | 35.69 | 32.87 | — | |
| EEILBackbone=ResNet12, FSCIL Setting=5-way 5-shot2026.01 | 64.1 | 53.11 | 43.71 | 35.15 | 28.96 | 24.98 | 21.01 | 17.26 | 15.85 | — | 34.77 | 33.79 | — |