Document Image Enhancement and Binarization on Benchmark Dataset
63.91Total Training TimeMFE-GAN (U-Net & EfficientNetV2-S)
Evaluation results
| Method | Links | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MFE-GAN (U-Net & EfficientNetV2-S)Architecture=U-Net, Backbone=EfficientNetV2-S2025.12 | 63.91 | 11.6 | 3.45 | 47.47 | 1.39 | 0.68 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| U-Net & EfficientNetV2-SArchitecture=U-Net, Backbone=EfficientNetV2-S2025.12 | 63.91 | — | — | — | — | 0.68 | 88.83 | 89.87 | 19.07 | 4.86 | 73.23 | |
| MFE-GAN (U-Net++ & EfficientNetV2-S)Architecture=U-Net++, Backbone=EfficientNetV2-S2025.12 | 68.43 | 14.12 | 3.63 | 49.29 | 1.39 | 0.77 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| U-Net++ & EfficientNetV2-SArchitecture=U-Net++, Backbone=EfficientNetV2-S2025.12 | 68.43 | — | — | — | — | 0.77 | 89.69 | 90.78 | 19.15 | 4.45 | 73.79 | |
| U-Net++ & EfficientNet-B4Architecture=U-Net++, Backbone=EfficientNet-B42025.12 | 69.68 | 18.81 | 3.95 | 45.63 | 1.29 | 0.91 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| U-Net++ & EfficientNet-B4Architecture=U-Net++, Backbone=EfficientNet-B42025.12 | 69.68 | — | — | — | — | 0.91 | 88.14 | 89.71 | 19.09 | 4.64 | 73.08 | |
| U-Net++ & EfficientNet-B5Architecture=U-Net++, Backbone=EfficientNet-B52025.12 | 76.29 | 21.23 | 4.37 | 49.23 | 1.46 | 1.04 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| U-Net++ & EfficientNet-B5Architecture=U-Net++, Backbone=EfficientNet-B52025.12 | 76.29 | — | — | — | — | 1.04 | 89.13 | 90.35 | 19.3 | 4.49 | 73.57 | |
| U-Net & EfficientNet-B4Architecture=U-Net, Backbone=EfficientNet-B42025.12 | 85.61 | 14.73 | 3.75 | 65.96 | 1.17 | 0.74 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| U-Net & EfficientNet-B4Architecture=U-Net, Backbone=EfficientNet-B42025.12 | 85.61 | — | — | — | — | 0.74 | 87.95 | 89.01 | 19.1 | 4.83 | 72.81 | |
| U-Net & EfficientNet-B5Architecture=U-Net, Backbone=EfficientNet-B52025.12 | 304.12 | 16.3 | 3.77 | 282.8 | 1.26 | 0.82 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| U-Net & EfficientNet-B5Architecture=U-Net, Backbone=EfficientNet-B52025.12 | 304.12 | — | — | — | — | 0.82 | 88.56 | 89.9 | 19.31 | 4.46 | 73.33 | |
| Otsu2025.12 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 73.91 | 75.93 | 14.5 | 30.32 | 58.51 | |
| Sauvola2025.12 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 75.83 | 80.72 | 15.62 | 9.65 | 65.63 |