ResearchBenchmarksDesign Optimization on 4D Design SpaceDesign Optimization on 4D Design SpaceFollow27.08BSFGD26.892826.941426.9927.0386Jun 20, 2026Evaluation resultsMethodMethodLinksBSFL - L*Iteration Time (s)GD2026.0627.08—1.27CMA-ES2026.0626.9565.90.58SurGEcosine decay=falsecosine decay=false2026.0626.9366.51.27SurGEcosine decay=truecosine decay=true2026.0626.953.91.27