ResearchBenchmarksData Assimilation on StokesData Assimilation on StokesFollow112fMSE-LP-PINN12.88681.941,3512,020.06Feb 23, 2026Evaluation resultsMethodMethodLinksfMSE-LMSEP-PINN2026.02112—PINN2026.02829—D-PINN2026.021,930—B-PINN2026.022,590—B-PINN2026.02—0.229D-PINN2026.02—0.137P-PINN2026.02—0.0066PINN2026.02—0.208