ResearchBenchmarksData Assimilation on Lorenz 1963 (RMSE, W1)Data Assimilation on Lorenz 1963 (RMSE, W1)Follow0.0502RMSESURGE0.0485160.0598830.071250.082617May 18, 2026Evaluation resultsMethodMethodLinksRMSEW1SURGEBackbone=FlowDASBackbone=FlowDAS2026.050.05020.0363FlowDAS2026.050.05450.0388SURGEBackbone=SDABackbone=SDA2026.050.05550.0396SDA2026.050.05890.0426EnKF2026.050.06240.0448BPFN=20N=202026.050.06250.0448DM2026.050.07660.0549FlowDASStrategy=AVGStrategy=AVG2026.050.09230.0698