ResearchBenchmarksData Assimilation on Lorenz 1963 (eval)Follow0.0502RMSESURGE0.0497080.0530290.056350.059671May 18, 2026Evaluation ResultsMethodMethodLinksRMSEW1SURGEBackbone method=FlowDA...Backbone method=FlowDAS, With SURGE enhancement=true2026.050.05020.0363FlowDAS2026.050.05450.0388SURGEBackbone method=SDA, W...Backbone method=SDA, With SURGE enhancement=true2026.050.05550.0396SDA2026.050.05890.0426EnKF2026.050.06240.0448BPFNumber of particles (N...Number of particles (N)=202026.050.06250.0448