Cross-lingual retrieval on MKQA
76.6Avg. Recall@100MILCO
Evaluation results
| Method | Links | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MILCOZero-shot=true, Components=SAP, SCTKD, LexEcho2025.10 | 76.6 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| M3-EmbeddingRetrieval Strategy=All2024.02 | 75.5 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 71.5 | 77.6 | 76.3 | 76.9 | 75.5 | 76.6 | 73 | 75 | 76.5 | 75.2 | 69.2 | 71.8 | 77.4 | 77.6 | 77.3 | 76.6 | 76.4 | 76.5 | 77.4 | 76.6 | 76 | 76.9 | 75 | 74.3 | 73.6 | |
| M3-EmbeddingRetrieval Strategy=Multi-vec2024.02 | 75.3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 71.4 | 77.5 | 76.3 | 76.6 | 75.3 | 76.4 | 72.9 | 74.6 | 76.4 | 75.1 | 69.1 | 71.7 | 77.4 | 77.6 | 77.2 | 76.5 | 76.4 | 76.4 | 77.2 | 76.5 | 75.9 | 76.7 | 74.9 | 74.1 | 73.5 | |
| M3-EmbeddingRetrieval Strategy=Dense+Sparse2024.02 | 75.3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 71.1 | 77.4 | 76.4 | 76.7 | 75.3 | 76.6 | 72.5 | 74.9 | 76.3 | 75 | 68.8 | 71.6 | 77.4 | 77.7 | 77.4 | 76.3 | 76.5 | 76.2 | 77.4 | 76.5 | 76 | 76.8 | 74.7 | 74 | 73.6 | |
| BGE-M3 Multi-Vec2025.10 | 75.3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| BGE-M3 Dense+Sparse2025.10 | 75.3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| M3-EmbeddingRetrieval Strategy=Dense2024.02 | 75.1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 71.1 | 77.2 | 76.2 | 76.4 | 75.1 | 76.2 | 72.4 | 74.7 | 76 | 75 | 68.6 | 71.6 | 77.2 | 77.4 | 77.1 | 76.3 | 76.3 | 76.2 | 76.9 | 76.4 | 75.6 | 76.6 | 74.6 | 73.8 | 73.5 | |
| BGE-M3 Dense2025.10 | 75.1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| PLAID-X (multivector)2025.10 | 73.4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| mE5largeMethod Group=Baselines (Prior Work)2024.02 | 70.9 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 68.7 | 77.4 | 76.9 | 76.4 | 74 | 75.5 | 69.6 | 74.7 | 76.8 | 71.5 | 28.1 | 68.1 | 76.3 | 77.8 | 77.3 | 76.7 | 73.5 | 76.8 | 77.6 | 76 | 74.3 | 75.4 | 56.6 | 58.1 | 58.1 | |
| E5-large2025.10 | 70.9 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| E5mistral-7bMethod Group=Baselines (Prior Work)2024.02 | 70.1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 59.6 | 77.8 | 77 | 77.4 | 72 | 78 | 47.2 | 75 | 77.1 | 65.1 | 34.3 | 59.4 | 77.2 | 79.1 | 76.6 | 77.1 | 77.5 | 75.5 | 78.3 | 67.4 | 73 | 70.9 | 69.3 | 65.1 | 65.8 | |
| E5-mistral-7b2025.10 | 70.1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| OpenAI-3Method Group=Baselines (Prior Work)2024.02 | 69.5 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 65.6 | 73.6 | 73.6 | 73.9 | 72.7 | 74.1 | 58.1 | 71.2 | 73.6 | 71.9 | 33.9 | 63.9 | 73.3 | 74.2 | 73.3 | 72.7 | 73.7 | 72 | 74 | 65.2 | 71.8 | 71.1 | 70.7 | 69.6 | 69.7 | |
| mContrieverMethod Group=Baselines (Prior Work)2024.02 | 67.9 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 58.2 | 73.9 | 71.7 | 72.6 | 70.2 | 72.8 | 63.8 | 69.7 | 72.3 | 64.8 | 26.8 | 59.7 | 74.1 | 73.7 | 73.5 | 71.6 | 72 | 69.8 | 73.2 | 66.9 | 71.1 | 70.9 | 68.1 | 68 | 67.9 | |
| Qwen3-Embed-8B2025.10 | 67.9 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| mContrieverFine-tuned on MS MARCO=true2021.12 | 65.6 | 53.9 | 75.6 | 53.3 | 60.4 | 55.4 | 70 | 59.6 | 66.6 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| mDPRMethod Group=Baselines (Prior Work)2024.02 | 60.6 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 48.2 | 67.4 | 65.8 | 66.8 | 56.2 | 68.2 | 49.7 | 60.4 | 66 | 60.3 | 29.5 | 50.9 | 65.5 | 68.2 | 66.7 | 63.3 | 65.5 | 62.7 | 66.9 | 53.8 | 59.1 | 63.4 | 63.7 | 62.8 | 64 | |
| CORA2021.12 | 59.8 | 49 | 75.6 | 44.5 | 47 | 45.5 | 69.2 | 48.3 | 68.1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| XLM-RFine-tuned on MS MARCO=true2021.12 | 59.6 | 46.9 | 73.4 | 42.5 | 53.2 | 49.6 | 63.4 | 46.9 | 61.1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| mBERTFine-tuned on MS MARCO=true2021.12 | 57.9 | 45.3 | 74.2 | 44 | 51.7 | 48.2 | 63.9 | 46.8 | 59.6 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Qwen3-Embed-0.6B2025.10 | 54.4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| mContrieverFine-tuned on MS MARCO=false2021.12 | 49.2 | 31.4 | 65.3 | 43 | 47.1 | 44.8 | 37.2 | 44.7 | 49 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| M3-EmbeddingRetrieval Strategy=Sparse2024.02 | 45.3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 23.5 | 55.4 | 43.3 | 50.6 | 51.1 | 53.9 | 31.1 | 44.6 | 52.5 | 31.3 | 30.1 | 31.4 | 62.4 | 62.4 | 57.9 | 46.1 | 50.9 | 36.9 | 59.6 | 42 | 51.8 | 51.8 | 35.4 | 39.8 | 37.7 | |
| BGE-M3 Sparse2025.10 | 45.3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| BM25Method Group=Baselines (Prior Work)2024.02 | 39.9 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 18.9 | 49.3 | 35.4 | 43.4 | 46.3 | 45.3 | 26.9 | 38.2 | 45.2 | 24.5 | 27.8 | 27.9 | 55.9 | 56.2 | 52.1 | 40.8 | 44.9 | 33.2 | 54.6 | 37.8 | 45.8 | 46.6 | 31 | 35 | 33.5 | |
| BM252025.10 | 39.9 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |