ResearchBenchmarksConstrained Optimization on 28 constrained benchmark functionsFollow38,097AccuracyUDE-III31,086.3632,906.4334,726.536,546.57Jun 26, 2026Evaluation ResultsMethodMethodLinksAccuracySpeedU-scoreRankRelative Performance vs RDExUDE-III2026.0638,09731,123.569,220.57611.6DE-2LS2026.0635,32545,64380,968483.4RDEx2026.0633,82244,481.578,303.561—CL-SRDE2026.0631,35617,35248,7089537.8