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Commonsense Reasoning on StrategyQA (test)

83.49AccuracySGE
48.296457.433266.5775.7068Dec 31, 2022Jul 23, 2023Feb 13, 2024Sep 4, 2024Mar 28, 2025Oct 18, 2025May 11, 2026

Evaluation results

MethodLinks
SGEModel=GPT-4, Tool=Code Interpreter2024.0583.49————
Decomp PromptingModel=GPT-4, Tool=Code Interpreter2024.0582.08————
Refine PromptingModel=GPT-4, Tool=Code Interpreter2024.0581.26————
CoT PromptingModel=GPT-4, Tool=Code Interpreter2024.0581.16————
IO PromptingModel=GPT-4, Tool=Code Interpreter2024.0578.4————
Rethinking with retrievalModel=GPT-3 (text-davinci-002), Temperature=0.7, Num samples=92022.1277.73————
CNTP + SC (Ours + SC)Model=Llama-3.1-8B-Instruct, Reasoning Chain=Multiple Reasoning Chains, Decoding Strategy=Stochastic, paths=402025.0776.3—13,900——
SCModel=Llama-3.1-8B-Instruct, Reasoning Chain=Multiple Reasoning Chains, Decoding Strategy=Stochastic, paths=402025.0776.2—2,450——
RIOToptimization=automatic2025.0674.6————
DSPyoptimization=automatic2025.0673.4————
Self-consistencyModel=GPT-3 (text-davinci-002), Temperature=0.7, Num samples=92022.1273.36————
CNTP (Ours*)Model=Llama-3.1-8B-Instruct, Reasoning Chain=Single Reasoning Chain, Decoding Strategy=Stochastic2025.0773.2—350——
Llama3.1-8B-Instruct (FAIR) + Teacher-MultipleZero-shot evaluation=true2024.1073.07————
Greedy DecodingModel=Llama-3.1-8B-Instruct, Reasoning Chain=Single Reasoning Chain, Decoding Strategy=Deterministic2025.0772.9—60——
Beam SearchModel=Llama-3.1-8B-Instruct, Reasoning Chain=Multiple Reasoning Chains, Decoding Strategy=Deterministic, beam=52025.0772.9—310——
Mixtral-8x7B-Instruct-v0.1Zero-shot evaluation=true2024.1072.83————
Stochastic Decoding*Model=Llama-3.1-8B-Instruct, Reasoning Chain=Single Reasoning Chain, Decoding Strategy=Stochastic2025.0772—60——
Llama3.1-8B-Instruct (FAIR) + Teacher-MixtralZero-shot evaluation=true2024.1071.62————
Twenty-Shot CoToptimization=manual, shots=202025.0671.6————
Four-Shot CoToptimization=manual, shots=42025.0671.2————
GPT-3.5-TurboZero-shot evaluation=true2024.1070.92————
Llama3.1-8B-Instruct (FAIR) + Teacher-Multiple (w/o Peer-Review)Zero-shot evaluation=true2024.1070.89————
APEoptimization=automatic2025.0670.4————
Entro-duction2025.0370.39.6———
Llama3.1-8B-Instruct (FAIR) + Teacher-GPTZero-shot evaluation=true2024.1070.16————
large teacherModel=Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct2026.0569.6————
TextGradoptimization=automatic2025.0668.8————
CoT-SC@maj8majority_vote=82025.0368.315———
Qwen2.5-1.5B-Instruct (FAIR) + Teacher-MultipleZero-shot evaluation=true2024.1068.12————
DRR2025.0367.7————
Llama2-7B-chat (FAIR) + Teacher-MultipleZero-shot evaluation=true2024.1067.69————
CoT-SC@maj64majority_vote=642025.0367.115———
Gemini-1.0-ProZero-shot evaluation=true2024.1067.03————
OPROoptimization=automatic2025.0667————
Llama3.1-8B-Instruct (FAIR) + Teacher-GeminiZero-shot evaluation=true2024.1066.96————
Chain-of-thought promptingModel=GPT-3 (text-davinci-002), Temperature=02022.1265.94————
GPT-J+Self-ReflectionZero-shot evaluation=true2024.1065.9————
small teacherModel=Qwen2.5-3B-Instruct2026.0565.9————
ToT2025.0365.8121———
Zero-Shot CoToptimization=manual, shots=02025.0665.8————
Complex CoT2025.0365.75———
oursStudent Model Architecture=T5-Large, Teacher Model=T5-XL2024.0665.3————
T5-XL (teacher)Model Architecture=T5-XL2024.0664.5————
T5-XXL+COTZero-shot evaluation=true2024.1063.77————
GKDStudent Model Architecture=T5-Large, Teacher Model=T5-XL2024.0663.6————
Few-shot promptingModel=GPT-3 (text-davinci-002), Temperature=02022.1263.32————
Qwen2.5-1.5B-Instruct (FAIR) + Teacher-MixtralZero-shot evaluation=true2024.1063.32————
SpiralThinkerBackbone=Llama-3.2-1B, Fine-tuning method=LoRA, Decoding strategy=Greedy2025.1163.32————
Llama3.1-8B-InstructZero-shot evaluation=true2024.1063.03————
oursStudent Model Architecture=T5-Base, Teacher Model=T5-XL2024.0662.9————
iCoT-KDBackbone=Llama-3.2-1B, Fine-tuning method=LoRA, Decoding strategy=Greedy2025.1162.88————
DistiLLMStudent Model Architecture=T5-Large, Teacher Model=T5-XL2024.0662.8————
Llama2-7B-chat (FAIR) + Teacher-MixtralZero-shot evaluation=true2024.1062.7————
Qwen2.5-1.5B-Instruct (FAIR) + Teacher-GPTZero-shot evaluation=true2024.1062.45————
ImitKDStudent Model Architecture=T5-Large, Teacher Model=T5-XL2024.0661.7————
Self-talk2025.0361.5————
SeqKDStudent Model Architecture=T5-Large, Teacher Model=T5-XL2024.0661.5————
Qwen2.5-1.5B-Instruct (FAIR) + Teacher-Multiple (w/o Peer-Review)Zero-shot evaluation=true2024.1061.43————
DistiLLMStudent Model Architecture=T5-Base, Teacher Model=T5-XL2024.0661.2————
SFT (student)Student Model Architecture=T5-Large, Teacher Model=T5-XL2024.0660.7————
CODIBackbone=Llama-3.2-1B, Fine-tuning method=LoRA, Decoding strategy=Greedy2025.1160.7————
iCoT-SIBackbone=Llama-3.2-1B, Fine-tuning method=LoRA, Decoding strategy=Greedy2025.1160.69————
SoftCoTBackbone=Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct, Training Objective=Language Modeling Objective, Evaluation Protocol=Projection Module Trained2025.0260.61——75.06—
Qwen2.5-1.5B-Instruct (FAIR) + Teacher-GeminiZero-shot evaluation=true2024.1060.41————
GKDStudent Model Architecture=T5-Base, Teacher Model=T5-XL2024.0660.3————
Llama2-7B-chat (FAIR) + Teacher-GPTZero-shot evaluation=true2024.1060.12————
CoconutBackbone=Llama-3.2-1B, Fine-tuning method=LoRA, Decoding strategy=Greedy2025.1160————
ImitKDStudent Model Architecture=T5-Base, Teacher Model=T5-XL2024.0659.7————
KDStudent Model Architecture=T5-Large, Teacher Model=T5-XL2024.0659.2————
oursStudent Model Architecture=T5-Small, Teacher Model=T5-XL2024.0658.2————
Zero-shot promptingModel=GPT-3 (text-davinci-002), Temperature=02022.1258.08————
Llama2-7B-chat (FAIR) + Teacher-GeminiZero-shot evaluation=true2024.1057.93————
CoT2025.0357.75———
Pause TokenBackbone=Llama-3.2-1B, Fine-tuning method=LoRA, Decoding strategy=Greedy2025.1157.64————
SFT (student)Student Model Architecture=T5-Base, Teacher Model=T5-XL2024.0657.5————
SeqKDStudent Model Architecture=T5-Base, Teacher Model=T5-XL2024.0657.5————
Llama2-7B-chat (FAIR) + Teacher-Multiple (w/o Peer-Review)Zero-shot evaluation=true2024.1056.62————
DistiLLMStudent Model Architecture=T5-Small, Teacher Model=T5-XL2024.0656.3————
CLPDOrder=student-loss, Student Model=Llama-1B2026.0556.3————
GKDStudent Model Architecture=T5-Small, Teacher Model=T5-XL2024.0655.6————
CLPDOrder=student-loss, Student Model=Qwen-0.5B2026.0555.5————
KDStudent Model Architecture=T5-Base, Teacher Model=T5-XL2024.0655.3————
Curriculum learning onlyTeacher=small teacher, Order=student-loss, Student Model=Llama-1B2026.0555.1————
Curriculum learning onlyTeacher=large teacher, Order=student-loss, Student Model=Llama-1B2026.0554.4————
Progressive distillation onlyTeacher=small & large teacher, Student Model=Llama-1B2026.0554.3————
Standard distillationTeacher=large teacher, Student Model=Llama-1B2026.0554.2————
Standard distillationTeacher=small teacher, Student Model=Llama-1B2026.0554.1————
Qwen2.5-1.5B-InstructZero-shot evaluation=true2024.1053.86————
ImitKDStudent Model Architecture=T5-Small, Teacher Model=T5-XL2024.0653.8————
Zero-Shot Assist-CoTBackbone=Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct, Training Objective=None, Evaluation Protocol=Zero-Shot2025.0252.71——71.64—
Progressive distillation onlyTeacher=small & large teacher, Student Model=Qwen-0.5B2026.0552.6————
SFT (student)Student Model Architecture=T5-Small, Teacher Model=T5-XL2024.0652.4————
Curriculum learning onlyTeacher=large teacher, Order=student-loss, Student Model=Qwen-0.5B2026.0552.4————
Curriculum learning onlyTeacher=small teacher, Order=student-loss, Student Model=Qwen-0.5B2026.0552.1————
Standard distillationTeacher=small teacher, Student Model=Qwen-0.5B2026.0551.8————
Standard distillationTeacher=large teacher, Student Model=Qwen-0.5B2026.0551.4————
Zero-Shot CoT-UnkBackbone=Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct, Training Objective=None, Evaluation Protocol=Zero-Shot2025.0250.74——70.6—
SeqKDStudent Model Architecture=T5-Small, Teacher Model=T5-XL2024.0650.6————
KDStudent Model Architecture=T5-Small, Teacher Model=T5-XL2024.0649.7————
Zero-Shot CoTBackbone=Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct, Training Objective=None, Evaluation Protocol=Zero-Shot2025.0249.65——70.29—