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Classification on SHD (test)

96.41AccuracySpikCommander
0.823625.639350.45575.2707Jun 21, 2022Feb 13, 2023Oct 8, 2023Jun 2, 2024Jan 25, 2025Sep 19, 2025May 15, 2026

Evaluation results

MethodLinks
SpikCommanderArchitecture=1L-8-128, Params.=760K2025.0796.41—
Sun et al.Trainable parameters=0.2M, Implementation type=Software SNN2026.0596.26—
EventSSMArchitecture=6L-64, Params.=1.6M2025.0795.9—
Schöne et al.Trainable parameters=0.4M, Implementation type=Software SNN2026.0595.9—
Baronig et al.Trainable parameters=0.45M, Implementation type=Software state space model2026.0595.81—
Hammouamri et al.#Params=200k, Features/Details=FF SNN with delay learning2025.0395.1—
Hammouamri et al.delays/conv.=true, hierarchy=true, # hid. layers=2, hidden size=256, # params=200k2024.0795.1—
Hammouamri et al.Trainable parameters=0.2M, Implementation type=Software SNN2026.0595.07—
Malettira et al.#Params=1.3M, Features/Details=Temporal Skips with delay learning2025.0394.7—
hCSNNdelays/conv.=true, hierarchy=true, data augment.=true, Test as Valid.=true, # hid. layers=4, hidden size=128, # params=345k2024.0794.7—
RadLIFResolution=14 ms, # Params=3.9M, Rec.=true, Del.=false2025.0694.62—
Bittar et al.#Params=3.9M, Features/Details=RSNN2025.0394.6—
Bittar and GarnerRec=true, Adapt=true, data augment.=true, Test as Valid.=true, # hid. layers=2, hidden size=1024, # params=1.8M2024.0794.6—
Hardware-Accelerated Event-Graph Neural Network#Params=272k, Features/Details=Spectro-temporal graph on SoC FPGA2025.0394.5—
Rafeldt et al.#Params=217k, Features/Details=Spectro-temporal graph2025.0394.3—
cAdLIFResolution=10 ms, # Params=38.7k, Rec.=false, Del.=false2025.0694.19—
hCSNNdelays/conv.=true, hierarchy=true, data augment.=true, # hid. layers=4, hidden size=128, # params=345k2024.0794.1—
DCLSArchitecture=2L-256, Params.=800K, Buff.=200, Reproduction=true2025.0793.95—
mGRADEArchitecture=2L-64, Params.=257.6K, Buff.=2002025.0793.77—
Nowotny et al.Rec=true, data augment.=true, # hid. layers=3, hidden size=256, # params=250k2024.0793.5—
Sun et al.delays/conv.=true, # params=110k2024.0792.5—
Yu et al.#Params=2.1M, Features/Details=RSNN with synaptic dynamics2025.0392.4—
Sun et al.#Params=140k, Features/Details=FF SNN with delay learning2025.0392.4—
CNNImplementation type=Software2026.0592.4—
hCSNNdelays/conv.=true, hierarchy=true, # hid. layers=4, hidden size=128, # params=345k2024.0792.2—
S5-RFResolution=4 ms, # Params=0.2M, Rec.=false, Del.=false2025.0691.86—
Yao et al.Att=true, # hid. layers=2, hidden size=1282024.0791.1—
D’Agostino et al.delays/conv.=true, # params=224k2024.0790.7—
Rafeldt et al.#Params=17.1, Features/Details=Spectro-temporal graph2025.0390—
ExpectationArchitecture=adLIF, Source temporal resolution (bS)=2, Target temporal resolution (bT)=12024.1189.5—
IntegralArchitecture=adLIF, Source temporal resolution (bS)=2, Target temporal resolution (bT)=12024.1189.5—
Deckers et al.Trainable parameters=256k, Implementation type=Software LSM2026.0589.3—
LSTMImplementation type=Software2026.0589—
Hardware-Accelerated Event-Graph Neural Network#Params=8.6k, Features/Details=Spectro-temporal graph on SoC FPGA2025.0388.8—
hSNNhierarchy=true, # hid. layers=4, hidden size=128, # params=150k2024.0788.1—
Dampfhoffer et al.#Params=139k, Features/Details=RSNN2025.0387.8—
Matinizadeh et al.Features/Details=Fully configurable FPGA SNN (QUANTISENC tool)2025.0387.8—
Matinizadeh et al.Implementation type=FPGA-based SNN2026.0587.8—
ExpectationArchitecture=RadLIF, Source temporal resolution (bS)=2, Target temporal resolution (bT)=12024.1187.7—
IntegralArchitecture=RadLIF, Source temporal resolution (bS)=2, Target temporal resolution (bT)=12024.1187.7—
D'Agostino et al.#Params=224k, Features/Details=FF SNN with dendritic delays2025.0387.6—
D’Agostino et al.Trainable parameters=224k, Implementation type=Resistive RAM-based analog SNN2026.0587.5—
ExpectationArchitecture=adLIF, Source temporal resolution (bS)=3, Target temporal resolution (bT)=12024.1187.4—
IntegralArchitecture=adLIF, Source temporal resolution (bS)=3, Target temporal resolution (bT)=12024.1187.4—
hSNNhierarchy=true, # hid. layers=4, hidden size=32, # params=25k2024.0784.9—
EulerArchitecture=adLIF, Source temporal resolution (bS)=2, Target temporal resolution (bT)=12024.1184.6—
FPGA-based quasi-analog LSM (Ours)Trainable parameters=86.26 k, Implementation type=FPGA-based quasi-analog LSM2026.0584.5—
ExpectationArchitecture=adLIF, Source temporal resolution (bS)=4, Target temporal resolution (bT)=12024.1184.3—
IntegralArchitecture=adLIF, Source temporal resolution (bS)=4, Target temporal resolution (bT)=12024.1184.3—
Rossbroich et al.#Params=209k, Features/Details=Convolutional RSNN2025.0383.5—
Cramer et al.Features/Details=Recurrent SNN (RSNN)2025.0383.2—
Cramer et al.Implementation type=Software SNN2026.0583.2—
KaimingNumber of hidden layers=32022.0683.1—
Fluctuation-driven initializationNumber of hidden layers=3, target fluctuation parameter (sigma_U)=12022.0682.7—
Perez-Nieves et al.Rec=true, # hid. layers=1, hidden size=256, # params=100k2024.0782.7—
ExpectationArchitecture=RadLIF, Source temporal resolution (bS)=3, Target temporal resolution (bT)=12024.1181.6—
IntegralArchitecture=RadLIF, Source temporal resolution (bS)=3, Target temporal resolution (bT)=12024.1181.6—
Fluctuation-driven initializationNumber of hidden layers=7, target fluctuation parameter (sigma_U)=12022.0680.9—
EulerArchitecture=adLIF, Source temporal resolution (bS)=3, Target temporal resolution (bT)=12024.1177.8—
Biswas et al.Trainable parameters=30k, Implementation type=Software LSM2026.0577.8—
Kaiming & Homeostatic PlasticityNumber of hidden layers=72022.0677—
EulerArchitecture=RadLIF, Source temporal resolution (bS)=2, Target temporal resolution (bT)=12024.1176.8—
Carpegna et al.Implementation type=FPGA-based SNN2026.0572.99—
Carpegna et al.Features/Details=RSNN on FPGA (Spiker+ framework)2025.0372.9—
ExpectationArchitecture=RadLIF, Source temporal resolution (bS)=4, Target temporal resolution (bT)=12024.1172.8—
IntegralArchitecture=RadLIF, Source temporal resolution (bS)=4, Target temporal resolution (bT)=12024.1172.8—
EulerArchitecture=adLIF, Source temporal resolution (bS)=4, Target temporal resolution (bT)=12024.1171.3—
ExpectationArchitecture=adLIF, Source temporal resolution (bS)=10, Target temporal resolution (bT)=12024.1170.4—
IntegralArchitecture=adLIF, Source temporal resolution (bS)=10, Target temporal resolution (bT)=12024.1170.4—
NoneArchitecture=adLIF, Source temporal resolution (bS)=2, Target temporal resolution (bT)=12024.1158.1—
EulerArchitecture=RadLIF, Source temporal resolution (bS)=3, Target temporal resolution (bT)=12024.1157.5—
Linear SVMImplementation type=Software2026.0556—
Time-const.Architecture=adLIF, Source temporal resolution (bS)=2, Target temporal resolution (bT)=12024.1153—
EulerArchitecture=RadLIF, Source temporal resolution (bS)=4, Target temporal resolution (bT)=12024.1150.5—
EulerArchitecture=adLIF, Source temporal resolution (bS)=10, Target temporal resolution (bT)=12024.1149.7—
ExpectationArchitecture=RadLIF, Source temporal resolution (bS)=10, Target temporal resolution (bT)=12024.1145.4—
IntegralArchitecture=RadLIF, Source temporal resolution (bS)=10, Target temporal resolution (bT)=12024.1145.4—
EulerArchitecture=RadLIF, Source temporal resolution (bS)=10, Target temporal resolution (bT)=12024.1145.3—
NoneArchitecture=RadLIF, Source temporal resolution (bS)=2, Target temporal resolution (bT)=12024.1131.8—
NoneArchitecture=adLIF, Source temporal resolution (bS)=3, Target temporal resolution (bT)=12024.1130.3—
NoneArchitecture=adLIF, Source temporal resolution (bS)=4, Target temporal resolution (bT)=12024.1120.5—
Time-const.Architecture=adLIF, Source temporal resolution (bS)=3, Target temporal resolution (bT)=12024.1119.9—
Time-const.Architecture=adLIF, Source temporal resolution (bS)=4, Target temporal resolution (bT)=12024.1114.3—
NoneArchitecture=adLIF, Source temporal resolution (bS)=10, Target temporal resolution (bT)=12024.119.6—
Time-const.Architecture=RadLIF, Source temporal resolution (bS)=2, Target temporal resolution (bT)=12024.117.5—
NoneArchitecture=RadLIF, Source temporal resolution (bS)=10, Target temporal resolution (bT)=12024.116.7—
NoneArchitecture=RadLIF, Source temporal resolution (bS)=4, Target temporal resolution (bT)=12024.116.1—
Time-const.Architecture=RadLIF, Source temporal resolution (bS)=3, Target temporal resolution (bT)=12024.115.6—
NoneArchitecture=RadLIF, Source temporal resolution (bS)=3, Target temporal resolution (bT)=12024.115.3—
Time-const.Architecture=RadLIF, Source temporal resolution (bS)=4, Target temporal resolution (bT)=12024.115—
Time-const.Architecture=adLIF, Source temporal resolution (bS)=10, Target temporal resolution (bT)=12024.115—
Time-const.Architecture=RadLIF, Source temporal resolution (bS)=10, Target temporal resolution (bT)=12024.115—
KaimingNumber of hidden layers=72022.064.5—
ConvSynSize of Hidden Layer=400-4002022.04—33
MAP-SNNSize of Hidden Layer=400-4002022.04—13
MSPSize of Hidden Layer=400-4002022.04—17.1
R-SNN (Cramer)2022.04—16.8
R-SNN (Zenke)2022.04—18
SNN-base2022.04—28.6
Spiking-MLP2022.04—52.5