Class Incremental Learning on CIFAR100 (10 Tasks)
94.25AccuracySEMA + Ours
Evaluation results
| Method | Links | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SEMA + OursBackbone=ViT-B/16-IN21K2026.05 | 94.25 | — | 90.58 | 18.48 | — | — | |
| GDDSGBackbone=ViT-B/16, Pre-training=ImageNet-21K2025.02 | 94 | 0.78 | — | — | — | — | |
| SEMA (Base)Backbone=ViT-B/16-IN21K2026.05 | 92.56 | — | 88.16 | 0 | — | — | |
| JointMemory=N/A2025.09 | 90.94 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| RanPACBackbone=ViT-B/16, Pre-training=ImageNet-21K2025.02 | 90.5 | 3.49 | — | — | — | — | |
| FOSTERBackbone=ViT-B/16-IN21K2026.05 | 89.87 | — | 84.91 | 20 | — | — | |
| MoPMemory=false2025.12 | 89.6 | — | 82.52 | — | — | — | |
| Lang-CLMemory=false2025.12 | 88.44 | — | 81.49 | — | — | — | |
| EASEBackbone=ViT-B/16, Pre-training=ImageNet-21K2025.02 | 86.95 | 6.74 | — | — | — | — | |
| CODA-PromptBackbone=ViT-B/16, Pre-training=ImageNet-21K2025.02 | 86.86 | 6.04 | — | — | — | — | |
| DERBackbone=ViT-B/16-IN21K2026.05 | 86.04 | — | 77.93 | 20 | — | — | |
| EASEMemory=false2025.12 | 85.68 | — | 77.58 | — | — | — | |
| PROOFMemory=true2025.12 | 84.8 | — | 75.9 | — | — | — | |
| MoE-AdaptersMemory=false2025.12 | 84.75 | — | 76.33 | — | — | — | |
| SLCAMemory=false2025.12 | 84.46 | — | 73.39 | — | — | — | |
| PR-CLIPMemory=true2025.12 | 84.32 | — | 75.43 | — | — | — | |
| ADAMBackbone=ViT-B/16, Pre-training=ImageNet-21K2025.02 | 84.15 | 5.03 | — | — | — | — | |
| MEMOBackbone=ViT-B/16-IN21K2026.05 | 84.08 | — | 75.79 | 20 | — | — | |
| L2PBackbone=ViT-B/16, Pre-training=ImageNet-21K2025.02 | 83.45 | 8.5 | — | — | — | — | |
| DualPromptMemory=false2025.12 | 82.98 | — | 74.12 | — | — | — | |
| DualPromptBackbone=ViT-B/16, Pre-training=ImageNet-21K2025.02 | 82.74 | 7.19 | — | — | — | — | |
| iCaRLBackbone=ViT-B/16-IN21K2026.05 | 82.46 | — | 73.87 | 20 | — | — | |
| L2PMemory=false2025.12 | 82.17 | — | 73.01 | — | — | — | |
| SL-Treerho=0.12026.03 | 81.2 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| CODA-PromptMemory=false2025.12 | 81.18 | — | 68.76 | — | — | — | |
| SL-Treerho=0.012026.03 | 81 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| TRMBackbone=CLIP ViT-B/16, Method Category=Model Merging2026.05 | 80.5 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| SL-Treerho=12026.03 | 80.4 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| MG-CLIP2026.03 | 79.4 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| RAPFYear=2024, Backbone=CLIP ViT-B/16, Method Category=PEFT2026.05 | 79 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| AttriCLIPMemory=false2025.12 | 78.84 | — | 66.01 | — | — | — | |
| RAPF2026.03 | 78.5 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| GMM2026.03 | 78 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| CMMMemory=Theta(1)2025.09 | 77.72 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| SimpleCILBackbone=ViT-B/16, Pre-training=ImageNet-21K2025.02 | 77.63 | 7.21 | — | — | — | — | |
| TIESMemory=Theta(N)2025.09 | 77.23 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| RandMixMemory=Theta(N)2025.09 | 77.04 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| AvgMemory=Theta(N)2025.09 | 77.04 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| CLG-CBMYear=2025, Backbone=CLIP ViT-B/16, Method Category=PEFT2026.05 | 76.8 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| MaxAbsMemory=Theta(N)2025.09 | 76.75 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| CODAPrompt2026.03 | 76.7 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| TIESYear=2023, Backbone=CLIP ViT-B/16, Method Category=Model Merging2026.05 | 76.3 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| EWCMemory=Theta(1)2025.09 | 76.24 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| MagMaxYear=2024, Backbone=CLIP ViT-B/16, Method Category=Model Merging2026.05 | 75.8 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| BECAMEYear=2025, Backbone=CLIP ViT-B/16, Method Category=Model Merging2026.05 | 75.2 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| CODAPromptYear=2023, Backbone=CLIP ViT-B/16, Method Category=PEFT2026.05 | 75 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| DualPromptYear=2023, Backbone=CLIP ViT-B/16, Method Category=PEFT2026.05 | 73.6 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| LwFMemory=Theta(1)2025.09 | 73.45 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| L2PYear=2022, Backbone=CLIP ViT-B/16, Method Category=PEFT2026.05 | 73.1 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Model StockYear=2024, Backbone=CLIP ViT-B/16, Method Category=Model Merging2026.05 | 70.7 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| FinetuneBackbone=ViT-B/16, Pre-training=ImageNet-21K2025.02 | 67.86 | 31.25 | — | — | — | — | |
| LwFYear=2017, Backbone=CLIP ViT-B/16, Method Category=Conventional2026.05 | 67.4 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Zero-shotMemory=Theta(1)2025.09 | 66.91 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| EWCYear=2017, Backbone=CLIP ViT-B/16, Method Category=Conventional2026.05 | 64.8 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| DyToxMemory category=Memory-based2026.05 | 57.4 | — | — | — | 0.37 | 74 | |
| SNVMemory category=Memory-free2026.05 | 54.7 | — | — | — | 0.04 | 69 | |
| NFL+Memory category=Memory-free2026.05 | 53.7 | — | — | — | 0.05 | 67 | |
| DCNetMemory category=Memory-free2026.05 | 52.85 | — | — | — | 0.06 | 65 | |
| NISPAMemory category=Memory-free2026.05 | 43.8 | — | — | — | 0.1 | 58 | |
| PECMemory category=Memory-free2026.05 | 29.4 | — | — | — | 0.19 | 52 | |
| SpaceNetMemory category=Memory-free2026.05 | 27.1 | — | — | — | 0.15 | 48 | |
| iCaRLMemory category=Memory-based2026.05 | 25.41 | — | — | — | 0.71 | 44 | |
| DER++Memory category=Memory-based2026.05 | 25.3 | — | — | — | 0.72 | 42 | |
| LwFMemory category=Memory-free2026.05 | 19.56 | — | — | — | 0.18 | 40 | |
| SIMemory category=Memory-free2026.05 | 15.37 | — | — | — | 0.25 | 42 | |
| EWCMemory category=Memory-free2026.05 | 12.87 | — | — | — | 0.25 | 39 |