Class-Incremental Learning on CIFAR-100 (20 tasks)
79.2AccuracyRAPF
Evaluation results
| Method | Links | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RAPFYear=2024, Backbone=CLIP ViT-B/16, Method Category=PEFT2026.05 | 79.2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| TRMBackbone=CLIP ViT-B/16, Method Category=Model Merging2026.05 | 78.6 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| CMMMemory=Theta(1)2025.09 | 75.95 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| CLG-CBMYear=2025, Backbone=CLIP ViT-B/16, Method Category=PEFT2026.05 | 75.9 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| EWCMemory=Theta(1)2025.09 | 75.39 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| RandMixMemory=Theta(N)2025.09 | 75.36 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| AvgMemory=Theta(N)2025.09 | 75.29 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| TIESMemory=Theta(N)2025.09 | 74.66 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| MaxAbsMemory=Theta(N)2025.09 | 74.39 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| CODAPromptYear=2023, Backbone=CLIP ViT-B/16, Method Category=PEFT2026.05 | 74.1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| TIESYear=2023, Backbone=CLIP ViT-B/16, Method Category=Model Merging2026.05 | 73.6 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| BECAMEYear=2025, Backbone=CLIP ViT-B/16, Method Category=Model Merging2026.05 | 73.5 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| MagMaxYear=2024, Backbone=CLIP ViT-B/16, Method Category=Model Merging2026.05 | 72.9 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| LwFMemory=Theta(1)2025.09 | 72.05 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| DualPromptYear=2023, Backbone=CLIP ViT-B/16, Method Category=PEFT2026.05 | 70.4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| DERBase Technique=DER, Calibration=Vanilla2025.03 | 68.9 | — | — | — | 24.05 | 24.02 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| DER+T-CILBase Technique=DER, Calibration=T-CIL2025.03 | 68.84 | — | — | — | 5.78 | 5.75 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| L2PYear=2022, Backbone=CLIP ViT-B/16, Method Category=PEFT2026.05 | 68.5 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Model StockYear=2024, Backbone=CLIP ViT-B/16, Method Category=Model Merging2026.05 | 68.3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| LwFYear=2017, Backbone=CLIP ViT-B/16, Method Category=Conventional2026.05 | 67 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| WABase Technique=WA, Calibration=Vanilla2025.03 | 59.3 | — | — | — | 7.39 | 7.37 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| WA+T-CILBase Technique=WA, Calibration=T-CIL2025.03 | 58.89 | — | — | — | 7.45 | 7.47 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| EWCYear=2017, Backbone=CLIP ViT-B/16, Method Category=Conventional2026.05 | 57.3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| EEIL+T-CILBase Technique=EEIL, Calibration=T-CIL2025.03 | 55.86 | — | — | — | 14.38 | 14.35 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| EEILBase Technique=EEIL, Calibration=Vanilla2025.03 | 55.36 | — | — | — | 25.17 | 25.15 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| ERBase Technique=ER, Calibration=Vanilla2025.03 | 54.81 | — | — | — | 28.95 | 28.93 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| ER+T-CILBase Technique=ER, Calibration=T-CIL2025.03 | 54.48 | — | — | — | 7.08 | 7.07 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| DyToxMemory category=Memory-based2026.05 | 47.07 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 30 | 65 | — | — | |
| DyToxMemory usage=Memory-based2025.03 | 45.5 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -33.85 | 62 | — | — | |
| SNVMemory category=Memory-free2026.05 | 44.85 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 4 | 61 | — | — | |
| MEMOMemory usage=Memory-based2025.03 | 44.1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -35.2 | 68 | — | — | |
| NFL+Memory usage=Memory-free2025.03 | 44.03 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -42.6 | 60 | — | — | |
| NFL+Memory category=Memory-free2026.05 | 44.03 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 5 | 60 | — | — | |
| DCNetMemory usage=Memory-free2025.03 | 43.1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -42 | 58 | — | — | |
| DCNetMemory category=Memory-free2026.05 | 43.1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 6 | 58 | — | — | |
| NISPAMemory usage=Memory-free2025.03 | 35.2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -49.73 | 51 | — | — | |
| NISPAMemory category=Memory-free2026.05 | 35.2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 10 | 52 | — | — | |
| NFLMemory usage=Memory-free2025.03 | 31.85 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -48.38 | 48 | — | — | |
| PECMemory usage=Memory-free2025.03 | 24.11 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -56.22 | 48 | — | — | |
| PECMemory category=Memory-free2026.05 | 24.11 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 15 | 48 | — | — | |
| SpaceNetMemory usage=Memory-free2025.03 | 21.8 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -54.64 | 40 | — | — | |
| SpaceNetMemory category=Memory-free2026.05 | 21.8 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 13 | 44 | — | — | |
| iCaRLMemory category=Memory-based2026.05 | 20.84 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 58 | 40 | — | — | |
| DER++Memory category=Memory-based2026.05 | 20.75 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 59 | 39 | — | — | |
| iCaRLMemory usage=Memory-based2025.03 | 17.3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -56.1 | 35 | — | — | |
| DER++Memory usage=Memory-based2025.03 | 17.1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -31.5 | 35 | — | — | |
| LwFMemory usage=Memory-free2025.03 | 16.04 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -55.98 | 38 | — | — | |
| LwFMemory category=Memory-free2026.05 | 16.04 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 16 | 38 | — | — | |
| SIMemory usage=Memory-free2025.03 | 13.23 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -54.71 | 41 | — | — | |
| SIMemory category=Memory-free2026.05 | 13.23 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 20 | 41 | — | — | |
| EWCMemory usage=Memory-free2025.03 | 10.55 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -50.75 | 37 | — | — | |
| EWCMemory category=Memory-free2026.05 | 10.55 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 20 | 37 | — | — | |
| Batch Model ConsolidationBuffer Size=20002023.05 | 6.27 | 67.4 | — | 78 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| ERBuffer Size=50002023.05 | 5.4 | 14.4 | — | 184 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| GDumbBuffer Size=50002023.05 | 4.29 | 22.1 | — | 129 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| EWCon2023.05 | 0.99 | 3.7 | — | 172 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| A-GEMBuffer Size=50002023.05 | 0.67 | 3.6 | — | 231 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| iCaRLBuffer Size=50002023.05 | 0.59 | 19.2 | — | 141 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| A-GEMBackbone=AlexNet, Incremental setting=task-incremental, Task protocol=disjoint2026.04 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -17.6 | — | — | — | |
| ABDModel inversion=true, Backbone=ResNet-32, Number of runs=52026.05 | — | 24.4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Always Be DreamingReplay Data=Synthetic2021.06 | — | 20 | — | — | — | — | — | 52.5 | — | — | — | — | |
| AttriCLIPMemory=false2025.12 | — | 78.19 | — | — | — | — | 64.7 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| BANBackbone=AlexNet, Incremental setting=task-incremental, Task protocol=disjoint2026.04 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -4 | — | — | — | |
| BiCReplay Data=Coreset2021.06 | — | 37.5 | — | — | — | — | — | 71.7 | — | — | — | — | |
| CLA-E2026.06 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 37.59 | 40.95 | |
| CLA-R2026.06 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 39.87 | 42.89 | |
| CLIMB2026.06 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 41.33 | 44.09 | |
| CODA-PromptMemory=false2025.12 | — | 74.65 | — | — | — | — | 56.21 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| CODA-PromptBackbone=ViT-B/16-IN21K2026.05 | — | 87.27 | — | — | — | — | 81.19 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| DCMIModel inversion=true, Backbone=ResNet-32, Number of runs=52026.05 | — | 18.09 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| DeepInversionModel inversion=true, Backbone=ResNet-32, Number of runs=52026.05 | — | 5.63 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| DualPromptMemory=false2025.12 | — | 80.28 | — | — | — | — | 69.66 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| DualPromptBackbone=ViT-B/16-IN21K2026.05 | — | 90.22 | — | — | — | — | 83.82 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| E2-LoRABackbone=ViT-B/16-IN21K2026.05 | — | 94.55 | — | — | — | — | 91.42 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| E2EReplay Data=Coreset2021.06 | — | 32.7 | — | — | — | — | — | 66.8 | — | — | — | — | |
| EASEMemory=false2025.12 | — | 84.09 | — | — | — | — | 73.95 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| EASEBackbone=ViT-B/16-IN21K2026.05 | — | 90.76 | — | — | — | — | 82.21 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| EWCBackbone=AlexNet, Incremental setting=task-incremental, Task protocol=disjoint2026.04 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -11.2 | — | — | — | |
| GSSBuffer Size=50002023.05 | — | 11.3 | — | 1,203 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| i.i.d.2026.06 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 50.45 | |
| IBPCLBackbone=AlexNet, Incremental setting=task-incremental, Task protocol=disjoint2026.04 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -9.5 | — | — | — | |
| InfLoRABackbone=ViT-B/16-IN21K2026.05 | — | 88.05 | — | — | — | — | 82.19 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Joint TrainingBackbone=ViT-B/16-IN21K2026.05 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 93.13 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| L2PMemory=false2025.12 | — | 79.59 | — | — | — | — | 68.03 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| L2PBackbone=ViT-B/16-IN21K2026.05 | — | 87.18 | — | — | — | — | 80.72 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Lang-CLMemory=false2025.12 | — | 86.4 | — | — | — | — | 77.26 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| LORA-DRSBackbone=ViT-B/16-IN21K2026.05 | — | 92.25 | — | — | — | — | 88.69 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| LwFReplay Data=Coreset2021.06 | — | 16.6 | — | — | — | — | — | 54.2 | — | — | — | — | |
| MinRed2026.06 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 39.34 | 43.89 | |
| MoE-AdaptersMemory=false2025.12 | — | 84.34 | — | — | — | — | 75.27 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| MoPMemory=false2025.12 | — | 87.11 | — | — | — | — | 77.68 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| MOSBackbone=ViT-B/16-IN21K2026.05 | — | 92.86 | — | — | — | — | 88.85 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Multi-Task2023.05 | — | 75.79 | — | 100 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Naive RehearsalReplay Data=Coreset2021.06 | — | 14.9 | — | — | — | — | — | 51.4 | — | — | — | — | |
| Osiris-R2026.06 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 34.13 | 37.65 | |
| Ours (DRCL)Backbone=AlexNet, Incremental setting=task-incremental, Task protocol=disjoint2026.04 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -3.2 | — | — | — | |
| PCMCpretraining=false2026.06 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 39.26 | 43.01 | |
| PMIModel inversion=true, Backbone=ResNet-32, Number of runs=52026.05 | — | 32.6 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| PMI w/o CFSModel inversion=true, Backbone=ResNet-32, Number of runs=52026.05 | — | 32.23 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| POCLBackbone=AlexNet, Incremental setting=task-incremental, Task protocol=disjoint2026.04 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -5.6 | — | — | — |