ResearchBenchmarksCausal Effect Estimation on QSTRFollow0.151Theta Hat EstimateIPW0.092760.107880.1230.13812May 8, 2026Evaluation ResultsMethodMethodLinksTheta Hat EstimateBias (%)Performance Reduction (%)IPW2026.050.151185.558AIPW2026.050.151185.658OLS2026.050.115116.733DMLInput=Observational onlyInput=Observational only2026.050.114115.332CFM-SD2026.050.09578.7—