ResearchBenchmarksCAPTCHA Solving on VTT VRC Platform (test)CAPTCHA Solving on VTT VRC Platform (test)Follow0.05Mean Response Time (s)Holistic-0.3562.38455.1257.8655Jan 10, 2026Evaluation resultsMethodMethodLinksMean Response Time (s)Holistic2026.010.05GraphNet2026.010.2Oedipus2026.013.1VIPERBackbone=gpt-4oBackbone=gpt-4o2026.015.31Human baseline2026.017.4VIPERBackbone=grok-2Backbone=grok-22026.018.57VIPERBackbone=overallBackbone=overall2026.018.97VIPERBackbone=kimiBackbone=kimi2026.019.8VIPERBackbone=deepseekBackbone=deepseek2026.0110.2