ResearchBenchmarksCAPTCHA Solving on NetEase VRC Platform (test)CAPTCHA Solving on NetEase VRC Platform (test)Follow0.05Mean Response Time (s)Holistic-0.3442.31554.9757.6345Jan 10, 2026Evaluation resultsMethodMethodLinksMean Response Time (s)Holistic2026.010.05GraphNet2026.010.2Oedipus2026.013.3VIPERBackbone=gpt-4oBackbone=gpt-4o2026.016.17Human baseline2026.016.9VIPERBackbone=grok-2Backbone=grok-22026.018.33VIPERBackbone=overallBackbone=overall2026.018.99VIPERBackbone=kimiBackbone=kimi2026.019.58VIPERBackbone=deepseekBackbone=deepseek2026.019.9