ResearchBenchmarksCAPTCHA Solving on DingXiang VRC Platform (test)CAPTCHA Solving on DingXiang VRC Platform (test)Follow0.05Mean Response Time (s)Holistic-0.3122.13154.5757.0185Jan 10, 2026Evaluation resultsMethodMethodLinksMean Response Time (s)Holistic2026.010.05GraphNet2026.010.2Oedipus2026.012.9VIPERBackbone=gpt-4oBackbone=gpt-4o2026.016.06Human baseline2026.016.6VIPERBackbone=grok-2Backbone=grok-22026.017VIPERBackbone=kimiBackbone=kimi2026.017.2VIPERBackbone=overallBackbone=overall2026.017.84VIPERBackbone=deepseekBackbone=deepseek2026.019.1