Anomaly Localization on MVTec AD 1.0 (test)
99.6AUROC (Pixel)MRKD
Evaluation results
| Method | Links | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MRKDCategory=Screw2025.12 | 99.6 | — | 98.4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| MRKDCategory=Leather2025.12 | 99.5 | — | 99.2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| MRKDCategory=Carpet2025.12 | 99.3 | — | 98.1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| MRKDCategory=Grid2025.12 | 99.3 | — | 97.5 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| BGADtraining_setting=Multi-class, abnormal_samples=10, supervision=Supervised2022.07 | 99.2 | — | — | — | — | 97.6 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| IntraCategory=Carpet2025.12 | 99.2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| PaDiMCategory=Carpet2025.12 | 99.1 | — | 96.2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| MRKDCategory=Hazelnut2025.12 | 99.1 | — | 95.5 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| MRKDCategory=Toothbrush2025.12 | 99.1 | — | 94.1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| PatchCoreCategory=Carpet2025.12 | 99 | — | 96.6 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| RD4ADCategory=Carpet2025.12 | 98.9 | — | 97 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| STFPMCategory=Carpet2025.12 | 98.8 | — | 95.8 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| MRKDCategory=Capsule2025.12 | 98.8 | — | 95.3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| MRKDCategory=Bottle2025.12 | 98.7 | — | 96.9 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| MRKDCategory=Pill2025.12 | 98.5 | — | 97.1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| MRKDCategory=Average2025.12 | 98.4 | — | 95.3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| CutPasteCategory=Carpet2025.12 | 98.3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| MRKDCategory=Cable2025.12 | 98.3 | — | 94.2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| MRKDCategory=Zipper2025.12 | 98.3 | — | 95.4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| MRKDCategory=Transistor2025.12 | 98.1 | — | 91.4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| PatchCoreCategory=Average2025.12 | 98.1 | — | 93.4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| RD4ADCategory=Average2025.12 | 97.8 | — | 93.9 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| MRKDCategory=Metal nut2025.12 | 97.6 | — | 91.7 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| SPADECategory=Carpet2025.12 | 97.5 | — | 94.7 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| PaDiMCategory=Average2025.12 | 97.5 | — | 92.1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| DRAEMCategory=Average2025.12 | 97.3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| FCDDtraining_setting=Multi-class, abnormal_samples=10, supervision=Supervised2022.07 | 96.6 | — | — | — | — | 93.8 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| IntraCategory=Average2025.12 | 96.6 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| SPADECategory=Average2025.12 | 96.5 | — | 91.7 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| STFPMCategory=Average2025.12 | 96.5 | — | 92.1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| PaDiMBackbone=ResNet-182026.01 | 96.4 | — | 73.3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 44.3 | 21.7 | |
| RIADCategory=Carpet2025.12 | 96.3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| NSACategory=Average2025.12 | 96.3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| CutPasteCategory=Average2025.12 | 96 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| MRKDCategory=Tile2025.12 | 95.9 | — | 91.9 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| MRKDCategory=Wood2025.12 | 95.9 | — | 92.5 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| P-SVDDCategory=Average2025.12 | 95.7 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| DRAEMCategory=Carpet2025.12 | 95.5 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| NSACategory=Carpet2025.12 | 95.5 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| RIADCategory=Average2025.12 | 94.2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| PatchCoreLiteBackbone=ResNet-182026.01 | 94 | — | 85.4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 47.6 | 7.7 | |
| P-SVDDCategory=Carpet2025.12 | 92.6 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| STFPMBackbone=ResNet-182026.01 | 82.2 | — | 47.1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 17.1 | 20.7 | |
| D3R-FFT2026.01 | 75.1 | — | 46.8 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 16.6 | 20.3 | |
| D3R-MSE2026.01 | 73.8 | — | 44.1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 17.7 | 21.5 | |
| AE-MSE2026.01 | 73.3 | — | 41.7 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 15.2 | 19.8 | |
| D3R-FFT-SSIM2026.01 | 62.5 | — | 34.6 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 12.7 | 20.5 | |
| CFA2022.06 | — | 98.2 | — | 97.2 | 98.6 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| CFASupervision=Unsupervised, Backbone=WideResNet50, Resolution=256x2562022.12 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 98.6 | 97.6 | 99.1 | 95.1 | 94.7 | 98.6 | 98.8 | 98.4 | 98.6 | 98.7 | 98 | 98.3 | 98.8 | 98.1 | 98.6 | 98 | — | — | |
| CFA++2022.06 | — | 98.5 | — | 97.5 | 98.9 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| CFLOW2022.06 | — | 98.6 | — | 98.5 | 98.7 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| CFLOWSupervision=Unsupervised, Backbone=WideResNet50, Resolution=256x2562022.12 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 99.2 | 98.9 | 99.7 | 96.2 | 86 | 97.2 | 97.8 | 99.1 | 98.8 | 98.6 | 98.9 | 98.9 | 99 | 98.2 | 99.1 | 97.7 | — | — | |
| CutPasteImage Size=2562022.01 | — | 96 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| CutPaste2022.06 | — | 97.5 | — | 96.9 | 97.8 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| DevNetSupervision=Supervised, Resolution=256x2562022.12 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 97.2 | 87.9 | 94.2 | 92.7 | 86.4 | 93.9 | 88.8 | 91.8 | 91.1 | 77.8 | 82.6 | 60.3 | 84.6 | 56 | 93.7 | 85.3 | — | — | |
| DFRMethod Paradigm=Reconstruction-based methods2026.03 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 97 | 98 | 98 | 87 | 94 | 97 | 92 | 99 | 99 | 93 | 97 | 99 | 98.1 | 80 | 96 | 95.5 | — | — | |
| DRASupervision=Supervised, Resolution=256x2562022.12 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 98.2 | 86 | 93.8 | 92.3 | 82.9 | 91.3 | 86.6 | 89.3 | 89.6 | 79.5 | 84.5 | 54 | 75.5 | 79.1 | 96.9 | 85.3 | — | — | |
| DraemMethod Paradigm=Reconstruction-based methods2026.03 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 95.5 | 99.3 | 98.6 | 99.2 | 96.8 | 99.1 | 94.7 | 94.3 | 92.9 | 96.3 | 97.6 | 97.6 | 98.1 | 90.9 | 98.8 | 97.3 | — | — | |
| DRAEMSupervision=Unsupervised, Backbone=reconstructive encoder, Resolution=256x2562022.12 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 97.5 | 99.7 | 99 | 99.2 | 95.5 | 99.1 | 95.2 | 88.1 | 99.7 | 99.6 | 97.3 | 99.3 | 97.3 | 85.2 | 99.1 | 96.7 | — | — | |
| EffiAD2023.03 | — | 93.5 | — | 91.2 | 94.6 | — | 92.7 | 88.9 | 98.3 | 85.7 | 90.2 | 95.7 | 92.5 | 97.6 | 95.7 | 94.4 | 96.1 | 96.4 | 93.3 | 91.2 | 93.4 | — | — | — | |
| GCPFMethod Paradigm=Embedding-based methods2026.03 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 98.9 | 97.8 | 99.3 | 96.1 | 95.1 | 97.5 | 95.7 | 97.2 | 98.1 | 95.9 | 97.3 | 97.4 | 97.2 | 90.6 | 98.2 | 96.9 | — | — | |
| HETMMTraining Samples=ALL, Backbone=WResNet101, Fine-tuning=false, Resolution=256x256, Data Augmentation=false2023.03 | — | 96.4 | — | 96.2 | 96.5 | — | 97.5 | 97.5 | 98.8 | 91.7 | 95.2 | 96.5 | 95.4 | 96.8 | 96.9 | 95.3 | 97.2 | 98.1 | 94.9 | 96.5 | 96.7 | — | — | — | |
| HETMMTraining Samples=60 sheets, Backbone=WResNet101, Fine-tuning=false, Resolution=256x256, Data Augmentation=false2023.03 | — | 95.8 | — | 95.6 | 95.9 | — | 97.1 | 96.6 | 98.7 | 90.6 | 95 | 96.4 | 95 | 96.5 | 96.8 | 94.2 | 97 | 96.7 | 94.9 | 95.6 | 96 | — | — | — | |
| HVQT2023.03 | — | 91.5 | — | 91.5 | 91.5 | — | 95.1 | 90 | 97.7 | 85.3 | 89.1 | 94.5 | 89 | 91 | 93.1 | 90.9 | 95.4 | 94.4 | 89.2 | 95.5 | 91.9 | — | — | — | |
| IntraMethod Paradigm=Reconstruction-based methods2026.03 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 99.2 | 98.8 | 99.5 | 94.4 | 88.7 | 97.1 | 91 | 97.7 | 98.3 | 93.3 | 98.3 | 99.5 | 98.9 | 96.1 | 99.2 | 96.6 | — | — | |
| KDADSupervision=Unsupervised, Resolution=256x2562022.12 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 95.5 | 89.4 | 98.1 | 80.2 | 85.3 | 95.7 | 80.2 | 95.2 | 95 | 83.3 | 89.9 | 95.8 | 95.5 | 75.9 | 95.3 | 90 | — | — | |
| MBPFMMethod Paradigm=Embedding-based methods2026.03 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 99.2 | 98.8 | 99.4 | 96.2 | 95.6 | 98.4 | 96.7 | 98.3 | 99.1 | 97.2 | 97.2 | 98.7 | 98.6 | 87.8 | 98.2 | 97.3 | — | — | |
| MFImage Size=2562022.01 | — | — | 90.1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| MKDImage Size=1282022.01 | — | 90.7 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| MSFlow2023.03 | — | 95.8 | — | 97 | 95.2 | — | 99.3 | 98.6 | 99.9 | 93.9 | 93.5 | 98.4 | 92.7 | 97.5 | 97 | 92.9 | 95.2 | 96 | 90.8 | 92.7 | 98.5 | — | — | — | |
| Pacth SVDDMethod Paradigm=Embedding-based methods2026.03 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 92.6 | 96.2 | 97.4 | 91.4 | 90.8 | 98.1 | 96.8 | 95.8 | 97.5 | 98 | 95.1 | 95.7 | 98.1 | 97 | 95.1 | 95.7 | — | — | |
| PaDiMImage Size=2562022.01 | — | 97.5 | 92.1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| PaDiM2022.06 | — | 97.5 | — | 95.3 | 95.3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Patch SVDD2022.06 | — | 95.7 | — | 93.7 | 96.7 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| PatchCore2022.06 | — | 98.2 | — | 97.5 | 98.3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| PatchCoreSupervision=Unsupervised, Backbone=WideResNet50, Resolution=256x2562022.12 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 99 | 98.7 | 99.3 | 95.8 | 95.1 | 98.6 | 98.5 | 99 | 98.7 | 98.3 | 97.6 | 99.5 | 98.6 | 96.5 | 98.9 | 98.1 | — | — | |
| PatchCore2023.03 | — | 93.1 | — | 93.9 | 92.7 | — | 96.5 | 96.1 | 98.9 | 88.3 | 89.5 | 95.9 | 91.6 | 95.5 | 93.8 | 91.2 | 92.9 | 97.1 | 90.2 | 81.2 | 97 | — | — | — | |
| PNI2023.03 | — | 96 | — | 95.5 | 96.3 | — | 97.6 | 94.3 | 98.3 | 94.7 | 92.5 | 95.9 | 98.9 | 95.6 | 96.9 | 95.9 | 96.7 | 97.2 | 92.7 | 96.2 | 97.3 | — | — | — | |
| PRNSupervision=Supervised, Backbone=ResNet-18, Resolution=256x2562022.12 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 99 | 98.4 | 99.7 | 99.6 | 97.8 | 99.4 | 98.8 | 98.5 | 99.7 | 99.7 | 99.5 | 97.5 | 99.6 | 98.4 | 98.8 | 99 | — | — | |
| RD4ADSupervision=Unsupervised, Backbone=WideResNet50, Resolution=256x2562022.12 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 98.9 | 98.3 | 99.4 | 95.7 | 95.8 | 98.8 | 97.2 | 98.7 | 99 | 97.3 | 98.1 | 99.7 | 99.1 | 92.3 | 98.3 | 97.8 | — | — | |
| RD4AD2023.03 | — | 93.9 | — | 95 | 93.4 | — | 97 | 97.6 | 99.1 | 90.6 | 90.9 | 96.6 | 91 | 95.8 | 95.5 | 92.3 | 96.4 | 98.2 | 94.5 | 78 | 95.4 | — | — | — | |
| RealNet2023.03 | — | 93.1 | — | 95.6 | 91.8 | — | 96.4 | 97.3 | 96.2 | 97.7 | 90.5 | 95.6 | 93.4 | 84.5 | 93.1 | 94.4 | 91 | 87.9 | 91.6 | 92.9 | 93.4 | — | — | — | |
| Reverse DistillationImage Size=1282022.01 | — | 97 | 89.9 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Reverse DistillationImage Size=2562022.01 | — | 97.8 | 93.9 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| RIADImage Size=2562022.01 | — | 94.2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| RIADMethod Paradigm=Reconstruction-based methods2026.03 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 94.2 | 96.3 | 99.4 | 89.1 | 85.8 | 98.4 | 84.2 | 92.8 | 96.1 | 92.5 | 95.7 | 98.8 | 98.9 | 87.7 | 97.8 | 94.2 | — | — | |
| SPADEImage Size=2562022.01 | — | 96.5 | 91.7 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| SPADE2022.06 | — | 96 | — | 92.9 | 97.6 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| SPADEMethod Paradigm=Embedding-based methods2026.03 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 97.5 | 93.7 | 97.6 | 87.4 | 88.5 | 98.4 | 97.2 | 99 | 99.1 | 98.1 | 96.5 | 98.9 | 97.9 | 94.1 | 96.5 | 96.5 | — | — | |
| SSPCABSupervision=Unsupervised, Backbone=reconstructive encoder, Resolution=256x2562022.12 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 92.6 | 99.5 | 96.3 | 99.4 | 96.5 | 99.2 | 95.1 | 90.2 | 99.7 | 99.4 | 97.2 | 99 | 97.3 | 84.8 | 98.4 | 96.3 | — | — | |
| TFA-Net2026.03 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 99.3 | 99 | 99.4 | 95.9 | 95.8 | 98.5 | 98.1 | 99 | 98.9 | 96.8 | 98.4 | 99.3 | 99.1 | 97.7 | 98.8 | 98.3 | — | — | |
| THFR2023.03 | — | 95 | — | 95.7 | 94.6 | — | 97.7 | 97.7 | 99.2 | 90.8 | 93.3 | 97.2 | 94.8 | 95.9 | 96.2 | 90.5 | 96.4 | 98.2 | 94.7 | 85.9 | 96.6 | — | — | — | |
| TrustMAEMethod Paradigm=Reconstruction-based methods2026.03 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 98.5 | 97.5 | 98.1 | 82.5 | 92.6 | 93.4 | 92.9 | 87.4 | 98.5 | 91.8 | 89.9 | 97.6 | 98.1 | 92.7 | 97.8 | 94 | — | — | |
| UniAD2023.03 | — | 91.3 | — | 90.6 | 91.7 | — | 94.2 | 92.1 | 97.2 | 82.6 | 87.2 | 93.6 | 86.7 | 90.3 | 93.8 | 87.2 | 95.3 | 95.3 | 88 | 93.6 | 93 | — | — | — | |
| USImage Size=2562022.01 | — | — | 91.4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |