ResearchBenchmarks3D Backward Heat Equation Inverse Problem on 3D backward heat equation sigma = 0.1 (10% noise)Follow38.87PSNR (dB)Tucker-VB26.795629.930333.06536.1997Mar 17, 2026Evaluation ResultsMethodMethodLinksPSNR (dB)Tucker-VB Gain (dB)Tucker-VB2026.0338.87—DP2026.0331.427.45L-curve2026.0330.997.88UPRE2026.0327.3111.56GCV2026.0327.2611.61