Reaction Mechanisms and Kinetics of CN and CCH with H2CS: Implications for Interstellar Sulfur Chemistry

We report an ab initio and master-equation investigation of the gas-phase reactions of thioformaldehyde (H2CS) with CN and CCH radicals, motivated by the recent detection of the S-containing species HCSCN and HCSCCH in cold interstellar environments. Structures and frequencies were obtained at the DSD-PBEP86/aug-cc-pVTZ level, with energetics refined by CCSD(T)-F12a calculations and kinetics treated using an energy-grained master equation. The CN + H2CS reaction proceeds through orientation-dependent entrance channels. Two barrierless addition pathways lead to a connected multi-well network that preferentially forms cyano thioformaldehyde, HCSCN + H, whereas abstraction-type channels leading to HNC + HCS or HCN + HCS contribute only marginally. The calculated kinetics indicate capture-controlled low-temperature reactivity and a strong preference for HCSCN formation, suggesting that this reaction should be considered in astrochemical models of cold clouds. For CCH + H2CS, barrierless capture gives access to two connected entrance adducts. Although the cyclic product is the most exothermic channel, its formation is kinetically hindered by a high-lying late transition state. The flux is shared between propynethial formation, HCSCCH + H, and the HCCH + HCS channel, with the latter being favored. These results show that subtle differences in radical structure, bonding preferences, and entrance-channel topology strongly affect product branching in S-containing radical-molecule reactions. The computed mechanisms and rate coefficients provide useful input for astrochemical models of sulfur chemistry in cold molecular clouds and for interpreting recent molecular detections in sources such as TMC-1.

Boutheïna Kerkeni, Ghofrane Ouerfelli, Nicole Feautrier, Christian Balança · 2026