An IoT-Enabled Smart Home Automation System for Energy Efficiency with Web-Based Control
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This paper illustrates the design and implementation of a smart home automation system for the conservation of energy and user control with the help of environmental sensors and Raspberry Pi 5. It monitors real-time conditions like motion, temperature, humidity, light and smoke to automatically control the device's behavior and save energy. A prototype single two-room was developed which uses GPIO/I2C interfaces to integrate sensors and actuators. The fan speed and LED brightness was dynamically controlled using PWM. Manual control and real-time monitoring are made possible through a web dashboard that was developed using Flask and graphical displays, and CSV logs of the energy are taken every 30 seconds. It was designed in an iterative model of sprints and the energy savings during testing was more than 46% over an always-on model. The results prove that with the help of these low-cost, modular devices it is possible to improve sustainability and usability in the home as part of the IoT.